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GCSE Elizabethan England > Situation At Start Of Elizabeth's Reign And Her Problems > Flashcards

Situation At Start Of Elizabeth's Reign And Her Problems Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Elizabeth I rule?

A

As a monarch. Equality wasn’t important, no police, all relied on social structure

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2
Q

What was the Elizabethan social hierarchy?

A

Nobility, gentry, yeomen, tenant farmers, landless/labouring poor, vagrants

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3
Q

What was social hierarchy of nobility etc. based on?

A

How much land was owned

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4
Q

What is the social hierarchy of towns and what was it based on?

A

Merchants, professionals, business owners, skilled craftsmen, unskilled and unemployed. Based on wealth and occupation

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5
Q

What was Court mostly made up of?

A

Nobility

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6
Q

What was Court?

A

The body of people living near or with the monarch

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7
Q

What was Court needed for?

A

To entertain and advise the monarch, to publicly display power and courtiers had influence on monarch

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8
Q

What was the Privy Council?

A

Group of leading courtiers and advisers, as well as seniors like William Cecil.

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9
Q

How often did the Privy Council meet and what for?

A

At least 3x a week to debate issues, make sure decisions carried out, oversaw law and security of England, monitored JPs and monitored what parliament was doing

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10
Q

What was Parliament?

A

Made up of the House of Common and House of Lords, called and dismissed by the monarch

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11
Q

Why was Parliament there?

A

To offer advice to the monarch and grant extraordinary taxation

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12
Q

Why was there one Lord Luitenant per county?

A

To maintain power and defence in England, appointed by monarch

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13
Q

What did Lord Lueitenants do?

A

Oversaw county defences and enforced policies, as well as being part of the local government

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14
Q

Who were Justice of the Peace (JPs)?

A

Landowners who kept law and order locally, reporting things to the Privy Council

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15
Q

What did JPs do?

A

Made sure all policies were carried out, heard county court cases every 3 months for serious crimes and were part of the local government

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16
Q

What does it mean that the monarch was the divine right?

A

She could make government policy with the Privy council, could declare war and peace, could call and dismiss parliament, grant titles, land, money and jobs

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17
Q

What was an effective way of getting support for the monarch?

A

Patronage

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18
Q

What was the Secretary of State?

A

Leader of Privy council and closest to Queen

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19
Q

Who was thr Secretary of State until 1573?

A

Sir William Cecil

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20
Q

Why was parliament needed for the queen?

A

If she needed more money, extra taxation could be raised under parliaments agreement

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21
Q

What was the royal prerogative?

A

Areas only monarch could make decisions on

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22
Q

Which matters did Elizabeth use the roayl prerogative on?

A

Foreign policy, marriage, succession as she didn’t want these discussed in parliament

23
Q

What could be enforced in law courts and what couldn’t?

A

Could: Acts of Parliament
Couldn’t: proclamations (orders)

24
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s legitimacy questioned and why did it anger Catholics?

A

Her parents marriage was Henry’s second marriage (bastard). Angered Catholics as the second marriage wasn’t declared by the pope

25
Q

Why was it a problem that Elizabeth was a woman?

A

Women were seen as too weak and feeble to rule

26
Q

Why was it a problem that Elizabeth was childless and didn’t intend on having children?

A

Having an heir was vital

27
Q

What had Henry VIII converted England to during his reign?

A

Protestantism

28
Q

Why was it a problem that Catholics in England believed heavily in the pope?

A

Difficult to rule due to religious differences

29
Q

How much was the crown in debt when Elizabeth came in?

A

£300,000. She needed money to look powerful

30
Q

How was it difficult for Elizabeth to get money to look powerful?

A

She needed to get parliament to agree on raising taxes to get out of debt.

31
Q

Which two countries were the most powerful in Europe?

A

France and Spain

32
Q

Who did England lose a war to in 1557-59?

A

France

33
Q

Who was France allied to and why was this an early threat to Elizabeth?

A

Allied to Scotland, which could easily attack an in-debt England

34
Q

Why was it unusual for Christian women to be in power?

A

Christian religion taught women to be under authority of men

35
Q

Did Elizabeth want to marry?

A

No

36
Q

Why didn’t Mary I make women look good?

A

Burned 300 Protestants and during her reign there were awful harvests, leading to hunger and poverty

37
Q

Why was Elizabeth ideal to be Queen?

A

Educated and intelligent. Understood dangerous world of court politics. Confident and charismatic

38
Q

Why did many fear Elizabeth I?

A

She had a short temper

39
Q

Why did the Privy council often get frustrated with Elizabeth?

A

She took ages to make decisions

40
Q

What two things did monarchs need to rule successfully?

A

Money and support

41
Q

How did Elizabeth raise money?

A

From rent and income of owned land, taxes from trade, subsidies, profits of justice, and loans

42
Q

Why wasn’t the government rich during the start of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

England had fought costly wars

43
Q

Why didn’t Elizabeth want to rely on Parliament for income?

A

Taxes were unpopular and parliament would disagree with extraordinary taxation

44
Q

What was the name of the French and Scottish alliance?

A

The Auld Alliance

45
Q

Why was MQS a threat?

A

Had a strong claim to the throne and was married to Francis (heir of French throne)

46
Q

When did MQS become Mary queen consort of France?

A

1559

47
Q

Who supported MQS as the legitimate monarch in England?

A

Catholics who didn’t accept Henry VIII’s marriage with Anne Boleyn

48
Q

Who was ruling for MQS in France in 1558?

A

Mary of Guise (MQS mum)

49
Q

Why did England have a military base in Calais?

A

As a trading post

50
Q

What war happened in 1550s?

A

Spain attacked France but lost

51
Q

What happened after Spanish loss to France in 1559?

A

Treaty of Cateu-Cambresis returned Calais to French rule

52
Q

How did Elizabeth aim to get Calais back?

A

As part of her foreign policy

53
Q

What was causing conflict in Europe?

A

Divisions between Protestants and Catholics

54
Q

What seemed like a possible threat against England considering it was protestant?

A

That Catholic Spain and Catholic France would unite against England

GCSE Elizabethan England (12 decks)

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