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GCSE Elizabethan England > Elizabeth Society - Exploration > Flashcards

Elizabeth Society - Exploration Flashcards

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1
Q

What hit the wool and trade cloth hard in England?

A

Conflict with Spain and in Netherlands

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2
Q

Where were most opportunities for expanding trade?

A

The New World

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3
Q

What was good for trade in the New World?

A

Crops, animal skins and precious metals

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4
Q

Who funded many of the voyages of discovery to the new world?

A

Private investors

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5
Q

How was the high risk, high reward of voyages to the New World seen?

A

Spain had become rich with silver mines in Peru

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6
Q

Why were there hopes of riches in the New World mainly in the coasts, in areas of not much exploration?

A

Most of Americas was undiscovered

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7
Q

What did English merchants exploit in Elizabeth’s reign?

A

Ancient African slave trade

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8
Q

What did English merchants’ exploitation of andient African slave trade develop into?

A

A massive trade of hundreds of Africans being shipped to the New World

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9
Q

Who was John Hawkins?

A

A slave trader and navigator behind many developments that helped English navy defeat Armada.

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10
Q

What did John Hawkins do?

A

Bought slaves from Africa and sold them to Spanish colonists. Bought ginger, sugar etc with his proceeds from slave trading and made profits, repeatinf it in 1564 to help lay out foundations of the Triangular trade

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11
Q

Why did young gentry and nobility go on voyages?

A

In hope of adventure and making fortunes. Treasures to be found in Americas attracted people to venture into the unknown even though it was only rumoured

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12
Q

What did Thomas Harriot do in 1584 and how was it helpful?

A

Worked out how to use the sun to calculate true sailing direction, making voyages safer and faster

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13
Q

How were quadrants and astrolabes used in navigation?

A

To make more accurate calculations on ship direction, using position of stars

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14
Q

Why were voyages sometimes recorded?

A

To make routes easy to map out. Printed books detailing a voyage were more common

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15
Q

How did navigation improve ships?

A

They had greater capacity and better sails

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16
Q

What did Gerardus Mercator develop in 1569?

A

Mercator map

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17
Q

What was the Mercator map?

A

Used longitude and latitude to place lands more accurately on a map

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18
Q

How did printing advance maps?

A

Allowed them to be consistent and widespread. Less inconsistencies in maps

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19
Q

How did larger and stable ships help voyages?

A

Made long journeys possible

20
Q

When were galleons developed?

A

16th century

21
Q

Why was it good that galleons were larger than normal ships?

A

Allowed more supplies to be taken on board

22
Q

How was it helpful that the gows and sterns on ships were lowered?

A

Made the ships more stable in heavy seas

23
Q

How did sails develop?

A

Different sail types could be swapped on the same vessel, such as traditional square sail for speed

24
Q

How did swappable sails help?

A

Made ships easier to manoeuvre

25
Q

What did more masts and sails allow for voyages?

A

Longer, faster and more accurate voyages

26
Q

How was fire power better on galleons?

A

Gun decks ran all down Galleons, allowing cannons to fire from sides as well as the bows and sterns which were needed to fend of pirates and Spanish ships

27
Q

How long was Drake’s circumnavigation and give dates?

A

Almost 3 years. December 1577-September 1580

28
Q

What was Drake’s intention when he circumnavigated?

A

To raid Spanish colonies in the Pacific

29
Q

How were Anglo-Spanish relations in 1578?

A

Poor

30
Q

Who did Drake want revenge on?

A

Spanish

31
Q

What did Drake and Hawkins do in 1567-68?

A

Went on another translatlantic expedition

32
Q

Why were Spain angry at Drake and Hawkin’s expedition?

A

Angry at English attempts to break Spain’s new world monopoly and they were ready to fight for it

33
Q

How did the English vs Spanish battle go in the Drake and Hawkins expedition?

A

English were attacked at St Juan de Ulua. 325 English sailors killed and Hawkins and Drake returned home with 15 sailors.

34
Q

Aside from political reasons, why would many have invested in the Drake and Hawkins expedition?

A

Drake and Elizabeth knew there were great profits in the Americas

35
Q

Despite the difficult voyage, how did Drake return after voyage with Hawkins?

A

Returned rich and famous. Made investor rich. Estimated Drake made £500,000,000 worth of treasure

36
Q

How did Drake’s circumnavigation show England as a great sea-fairing nation?

A

Drake’s voyage almost went awfully. Only one ship left: the Golden Hind. 56 men survived, second crew ever to circumnavigate. Gained reputation of English ships being some of the best. Helped scare Philip from invasion a bit

37
Q

How did Drake’s circumnavigation encourage explorations?

A

The circumnavigation survived by raiding ships and colonies up the coast of South America. Gathered useful information about the Americas and logged the voyage to share

38
Q

When did the Golden Hind need repairing?

A

June 1579

39
Q

What did local native Americans in modern day San Francisco do for Drake in his circumnavigation?

A

Performed a ceremony that he treated as a coronation

40
Q

What did Drake do with area where he was ‘coronated’?

A

Named the region Nova Albion declared Elizabeth as sovreign

41
Q

How did Elizabeth ignore existing rights of native americans after she became the sovreign of Nova Albion?

A

Gave her explorers the right to any land no Christian leader had claimed

42
Q

What is Nova Albion now?

A

California

43
Q

How did Drake’s peaceful welcome by the Native americans encourage an idea?

A

Showed Europeans could settle and rule in Nova Albion

44
Q

How did Drake’s circumnavigation encourage English colonies in America?

A

In 1583, Drake returned to England with wealth and reports that encouraged adventurers and investors to continue trying to establish colonies, despite the failed attempt at colonisation by Sir Humphrey Gilbert

45
Q

Who did Drake’s circumnavigatin damage Anglo-Spanish relations?

A

Elizabeth knighting Drake on the Golden Hind sent a message to Philip that deteriorated relations as Philip saw Drake as a pirate

GCSE Elizabethan England (12 decks)

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