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GCSE Elizabethan England > Colonisation Of Virginia > Flashcards

Colonisation Of Virginia Flashcards

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1
Q

Who became courtier and explorer during Elizabeth’s reign?

A

Whalter Raleigh

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2
Q

What did Elizabeth do for Walter Raleigh in 1584?

A

Gave him a grant to explore and settle in lands in North America

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3
Q

What did Raleigh have to do for his expedition?

A

Needed lots of money and had to try and convince English colonists to leave home and go to a random country

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4
Q

Why didn’t Walter Raleigh lead the colonisation?

A

He was one of Elizabeth’s favourite courtiers

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5
Q

Why was Walter Raleigh significant?

A

. Investigated and raised funds for establishment of English colony in Virgina
. Promoted the voyage
. Was apointed the governor of Virginia
. Developed a ‘blueprint’ for later English colonisations

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6
Q

When did Raleigh send a fact-findif expedition and what was discovered?

A

In 1584, found out the Indians were friendly and willing to trade

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7
Q

Why was it significant that the Indians were friendly and willing to trade?

A

Meant England believed they could have many economic benefits from colonising Virginia

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8
Q

Who were brought back from the 1584 expedition and how were they relevant?

A

Manteo and Wanchese,
. they were taught English and led to the creation of English-Algonquian ‘dictionary’ and
. Helped initially establish contact with their people

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9
Q

What were reasons to colonise Virginia?

A

. Could have new supplies and foods that could be transported around England for money such as gold and tobacco
. Could create revenues for the English government

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10
Q

Why was there lots of funds needed to properly colonise?

A

It was expensive and needed to be a reliable colonisation

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11
Q

Why didn’t Elizabeth fund the colony?

A

She was already in financial concerns

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12
Q

What did Elizabeth give to help the colonisation and what did this encourage?

A

Gave £400 worth of gunpowder and a ship. The royal backing encouraged others to invest

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13
Q

How did Raleigh encourage merchants to invest?

A

Promised investors he would take any Spanish ship

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14
Q

Why did Raleigh invest money himself?

A

To show he believed the colonisation could work

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15
Q

How would a successful colonisation benefit England?

A

England’s influence would be expanded and possibly start to pose a threat to large powers like Spain

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16
Q

How many colonists were in the colonisation of Virginia?

A

300

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17
Q

What types of people were in the first colonisation?

A

Landowners, farmers, artisans, hunters, fisherman, clergy, soldiers and enough farmers to feed colonisation

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18
Q

When must the colony set sail and with who?

A

In enough time for sowing crops but have to go with right colonists

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19
Q

What was there enough food and water for on the colony?

A

Food to last till harvest
Fresh water, tools and materials for artisans
Seeds
Weapons
Salt for preserving food

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20
Q

What kind of shipped went on the colony?

A

Large, well-armed ships

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21
Q

What had to be considered for the colonisation?

A

Spanish control of Carribean and Florida
Having to buy animals in Carribean
Building fort on arrival
Needing to barter with Indians
Who will lead colony
How to raise money

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22
Q

What was hard about colonising?

A

Finding people willing to cross atlantic. Raliegh only had 107 in colony in the end

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23
Q

What was half of Raleigh’s first colony made up of?

A

Soldiers

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24
Q

What were the colonisers attracted to?

A

The promise of making fortune in Virginia

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25
Q

Why couldn’t Raliehg lead the colonisation?

A

Elizabeth deemed it too dangerous for her favourite courtier, especially with growing threat of Spanish invasion

26
Q

Who did Elizabeth choose for colonisation?

A

Richard Grenville - expedition commander
Ralph Lane - governor of Virginia

27
Q

Did Grenville and Lane get on well?

A

No

28
Q

Who was the translater and cartographer and why?

A

Thomas Harriot: skilled at navigation and making maps

29
Q

How many ships did Raleigh send?

A

5

30
Q

Which ship carried all the perishables?

A

The Tiger

31
Q

When did ships leave for firs attempt at colonising Virgina?

A

April 1585

32
Q

What was April 1585 too late for?

A

To plant crops needed through winter

33
Q

When did colonisers land and where?

A

Late in 1585 on Roanoke Island

34
Q

Where did the first English colonists settle?

A

Roanoke Island

35
Q

How many attempts were there at colonising?

A

2

36
Q

What was one reason for the failure of the first colony?

A

The voyage:
. Not enough time to plant crops
. Climate hot and humid, food rotted
. Colonists fell ill
. Tiger became damaged as there was a breach in the hull that let seawater in, ruining food

37
Q

What did colonists have to rely on for food in first attempt?

A

Native Americans

38
Q

What was another reason for the failure of the first colonisation?

A

Expectations of fortunes wasn’t true and led to wrong selection of colonists:
. Merchants wanted to get rich quick and didn’t realise work needed to establish economy
. Colonisers wanted riches, not picking berries to replace lost food
. Merchants ans gentlemen expected Native Americans to do the work
. Farmers left England to get own land, not become labourers
. Soldiers didn’t have skills to farm land and were poorly disciplined
. Too many crafstmen and not enough farmers
. Wasn’t stone to build a fort so made out of wood
. English fishing techniques didn’t work in shallow waters

39
Q

How was inexperience a factor into the first colonies failure?

A

. Colonists relied on Native Americans
. Raleigh didn’t get the right people in the right numbers
. English didn’t take into account that colony had to be established before thriving

40
Q

Who did colonists use to establish relations with natives?

A

Manteo and Wanchese

41
Q

Who ruled Roanoke?

A

Wingina

42
Q

Why did Wingina turn against English after their demands?

A

He was suspicious of English

43
Q

What did Wingina believe about the English?

A

That they had superpowers from God as many natives started to die from strange causes after English came in but it was just English diseases

44
Q

What did Wingina do by Spring 1586?

A

Asked other chiefs to attack English

45
Q

Why did Lane kill Wingina?

A

After finding out Wingina asked chiefs to attack English

46
Q

When did Lane and remaining colonists leave Virginia after first attempt?

A

In July, returning to Portsmouth

47
Q

When was the second colony?

A

1587

48
Q

Why were many of the second colonist’s in poverty?

A

As they would be willing to work much harder

49
Q

What were the impoverished colonists each promised in second colony?

A

500 acres to farm

50
Q

Who was Lord of Roanoke and who oversaw the expedition in the second colony?

A

Lord of Roanoke: Wanchese
Oversaw expedition: John White

51
Q

Who was different in the second colony?

A

There were some women and families on board and many colonists were in poverty

52
Q

Why were the Indians hostile on the second colonisation?

A

Because of the first colonisation

53
Q

Why did English rebel against the Indians on the second colonisation?

A

George Howe, White’s advisor was found dead

54
Q

Who did English accidentally kill when rebelling against Indians?

A

Friendly natives

55
Q

What did Raleigh ask White to do in 1590?

A

Return and give updates. Roanoke left deserted

56
Q

What is the mystery in Roanoke?

A

After second colony left, word Croatan found on a post, possibly hinting that colony moved to that settlement but nobody knows.

57
Q

How did the colonisation of Virginia provide a good base to attack Spanish colonies in the New World?

A

Virigina was close to Florida and Carribean but far enough away to be safe

58
Q

What did England hope to achieve from the colonisation of Virginia?

A

To rival Spain’s overseas empire and undermine its influence

59
Q

What did the colonisation of Virginia offer native Americans?

A

Alternative to Spanish dominion

60
Q

How did the colonisation of Virginia provide an opportunity to learn from mistakes and established the roots of the British empire?

A

English didn’t succeed in establishing strong presence in North America

61
Q

What trade was too risky by the 1560s?

A

Trade with Netherlands

62
Q

How was the colonisation of Virginia significant for trade?

A

. Elizabeth hoped to encourage English merchants to find new markets as conflict with Spain made European trade hard
. Sugar cane and tobacco were popular and brought in from Virginia, removing reliability on Europe for trade

GCSE Elizabethan England (12 decks)

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