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GCSE Elizabethan England > Relations With Spain > Flashcards

Relations With Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

What are examples of pressure of ruling England influencing Elizabeth’s foreign policy?

A

Developing and improving trade to benefit economy
Protecting English borders
Protect throne and avoid war which would damage economy and possibly lead to Elizabeth’s deposition.

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2
Q

Where do Elizabeth’s pressures of ruling England arise from?

A

The lack of resources in England and the religious divisions

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3
Q

What did Europe compete for in the 1500s?

A

Territory, wealth and power

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4
Q

How did rivalry lead to war?

A

Conflict over religious divisions in England and Philip II opposed religious settlement. This rivalry led to foreign policy which led to war.

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5
Q

What was part of foreign policy?

A

Alliances, made according to who needed them and then broken when not needed

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6
Q

When did Spain and England stop being allies?

A

After England became protestant

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7
Q

Why did Spain and France value England as an ally in the 1500s?

A

Both France and Spain were more powerful than England but could use England’s support against each other

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8
Q

What was France mostly surrounded by?

A

Spanish territory

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9
Q

How could Spain be useful allies with England?

A

Spain could use Elizabeth’s fleets to protect ships going into the Netherlands which Spain controlled.

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10
Q

What were Spanish ships used for from 1567?

A

Carrying troops and resources of the Duke of Alba’s army into the Netherlanda as Alba wanted to get rid of Protestantism in the Netherlands

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11
Q

What did Elizabeth’s Privy council want Elizabeth to do in response to Alba trying to crush Protestantism in Netherlands?

A

Help Dutch Protestants rebel

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12
Q

Why didn’t Elizabeth want to help Dutch protestants rebel?

A

She wanted to avoid war with Spain

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13
Q

What did Elizabeth want to do in response to Alba trying to crush Protestantism in the Netherlands?

A

Hoped to encourage an agreement to return Netherlands to its original governing state agreed in 1548, giving the Dutch a right to self-government

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14
Q

What did Philip II do in response to Elizabeth’s proposed agreement for the Netherlands?

A

Challenged it and sparked the Dutch revolt in 1566

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15
Q

How did Elizabeth indirectly help Dutch resist in Netherlands and pressure Spain?

A

By allowing English privateers to attack Spanish ships
Pursued good relations with France
Encouraged others to fight Spanish in the Netherlands

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16
Q

What did Elizabeth offer with the Duke of Alencon in 1570s?

A

A promise of marriage allegiance to him (the French heir)

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17
Q

Why did Elizabeth encourage the Duke of Alencon to fight Spanish in Netherlands?

A

As Philip II wasn’t alarmed by the recent challenges and refused to give Dutch independence

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18
Q

Why was sending the Duke of Alencon to Netherlands risky?

A

France could take Netherlands for themselves

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19
Q

Why was Elizabeth reluctant to help protestants rebel in Netherlands?

A

Philip might do the same with Catholic rebels in England, Spain would have backing of the Pope and France could side with Spain. Would be too costly for England

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20
Q

Why couldn’t Spanish continue in Netherlands at the same pace in 1576?

A

Cost of war was too great

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21
Q

When was the Spanish Fury and what was it?

A

November 1576 - Spain’s forces in Netherlands sacked (violently robbed) Antwerp after months without pay

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22
Q

What was the Pacification of Ghent?

A

When all 17 Duthc provinces came together and demanded all Spanish troops leave Netherlands, restore own government and end religious persecution

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23
Q

How did Elizabeth help make sure the Pacification of Ghent was carried out?

A

Sent £100,000 and troops

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24
Q

When was Pacification of Ghent agreed to?

A

February 1577, Philips brother agreed to all terms

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25
Q

What happened 6 months after Elizabeth believed all was resolved in Netherlands?

A

Philip sent a new army on the Dutch

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26
Q

How did Elizabeth help out the Dutch on the attack after the Dutch revolt?

A

Hired a mercenary, John Casimir, and 6000 English and Scottish volunteers

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27
Q

How was Elizabeth aiding the Dutch against the unexpected Spanish attack not officially a war?

A

Elizabeth sent volunteers, not an actual army

28
Q

How did Elizabeth’s plan with Casimir backfire?

A

Casimir’s troops violently attacked Catholic Churches and southern Dutch catholic provinces made peace with Spanish

29
Q

Why did the Privy Councillors urge Elizabeth to get directly involved with Spanish attack on Netherlands?

A

An independent Netherlands would be strong and would form a Protestant ally against the Spanish

30
Q

What did Elizabeth do instead of getting directly involved in Spanish invasion?

A

She didn’t help and the Dutch were dissapointed, getting the Duke of Alencon to fight instead

31
Q

Who did the Duke of Parma replace and when?

A

Replaced Don Juan in 1579

32
Q

How did the Duke of Parma give Spanish the upper hand in the invasion?

A

Much more powerful than Don Juan

33
Q

How much money did Elizabeth give Alencon for supporting Dutch against Spain?

A

£70,000

34
Q

What country did Philip take over in 1580?

A

Portugal

35
Q

Why did Elizabeth fear Spain’s increasing wealth in capturing Portugal etc.?

A

Odds against England even greater

36
Q

When did Alencon return to Netherlands again and what happened?

A

1582, failed again

37
Q

When was William of Orange assassinated (leader of the Dutch rebels)?

A

July 1584

38
Q

Even by 1584, what approach did Elizabeth take to the Netherlands?

A

A cautious approach, yet the Privy Council debated whether to get involved

39
Q

What happened at the end of 1584?

A

French Catholic League joined the Treaty of Joinville with Philip, securing his help against French protestants

40
Q

What did the French king sign up to in 1585 and what did it mean?

A

Aiming to get rid of heresy (Protestants) in France. Effectively made Catholic France and Spain allies

41
Q

Why did English merchants begin exploring new markets and trade partners?

A

There was huge possible profit in the New world.

42
Q

Why was the Spanish making it difficult for England to trade?

A

Spain controlled the Netherlands which was England’s main route to European markets, with Antwerp being important to English trade
Spain controlled most of the New World

43
Q

Why was the New World so desirable?

A

Had valuable crops such as sugar cane and huge supplies of silver

44
Q

Why did English merchants trade illegally in the New World?

A

You needed a license from Spain to trade within the New World

45
Q

How did some English merchants go even further than just trading illegally in the New World?

A

Some attacked Spanish ports and shipping. Philip II couldn’t ignore this challenge from England in the New World

46
Q

Who was Sir Francis Drake?

A

An English merchant who made a fortune in the New World

47
Q

How did Sir Francis Drake make most of his money?

A

From people investing in his voyages, including Elizabeth.

48
Q

Much of Drake’s work was piracy. Give an example?

A

Seized Spanish cargoes in the West Indies

49
Q

When did Elizabeth hire Drake as a privateer?

A

1572

50
Q

How much money did Drake capture in Parma and why was Elizabeth reluctant to back Drake?

A

£40,000. Worried backing him would cause more conflict in Spain

51
Q

When did Drake return to England from Parma?

A

1573

52
Q

How were Elizabeth’s and Philips relations in 1573?

A

Trying to improve

53
Q

Why didn’t Elizabeth publicly welcome Drake back to England after capturing fortune in Parma?

A

As Philip was angry but Elizabeth was privately was impressed

54
Q

What was Drake to do in November 1577?

A

Go to the New World around the tip of South America to the Pacific coastline, getting gold, silver, spies etc.

55
Q

When did Spanish relations worsen again?

A

After Elizabeth secretly ordered attacks on Spanish colonies in America, and fears of Spanish invasion rose

56
Q

Why did Elizabeth want to disrupt Spain’s successful trade with its colonies?

A

To show Philip that England would not be defeated by Spain

57
Q

What did Drake end up doing on his November 1577 mission?

A

Circumnavigated the globe, first Englishman to do so

58
Q

How did Drake’s circumnavigation reveal how dangerous sea voyages were?

A

He left with 5 ships and only had the Golden Hind by the time he reached the Pacific

59
Q

What did Drake do in the Pacific?

A

Took down ports and ships on the coastline of Chile and Peru

60
Q

What region in North California did Drake claim?

A

Named it New Albion

61
Q

When did Drake return from his circumnavigation and with how much money?

A

In 1580 with £400,000 of Spanish treasure, bringing a great sum to the crown through investments

62
Q

Where did Elizabeth knight Drake and how did Philip react?

A

Knighted him on the deck of the Golden Hind. Philip was outraged by this public display.

63
Q

What did Drake’s actions on Spain and the colonies show?

A

England didn’t accept Spain’s domination of the Americas

64
Q

How did Drake’s success give England power?

A

They nos had a national hero

65
Q

How did Drake’s treasures help England at a time of growing concern over Spain’s threat?

A

By boosting the crowns finances

66
Q

What message did Elizabeth public knighting Drake send?

A

A strong message of resistance against Spain

GCSE Elizabethan England (12 decks)

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