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PHARMACY PRACTICE II > SINUSITIS > Flashcards

SINUSITIS Flashcards

1
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus.

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2
Q

Location of the Paranasal sinuses

A

within the cranio-maxillo-facial bones.

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3
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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4
Q

Why are they called paranasal sinuses

A

Mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses are in direct continuity with the nasal cavity

The paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity

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5
Q

Function of the paranasal sinuses

A

Humidifying and warming inspired air
Regulation of intranasal pressure
Lightening the skull
Resonance
Absorbing shock
Contribute to facial growth

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6
Q

Stages of sinusitis

A

Acute stage
Subacute stage
Chronic stage
Recurrent episode

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7
Q

Acute stage

A

lasts for (1-3) weeks

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8
Q

Subacute stage

A

3weeks to 3 months

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9
Q

Chronic stage

A

longer than 3 months

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10
Q

Recurrent episdoe

A

Repetitive acute bouts of more than 4 bouts in a year

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11
Q

Viral causes of sinusistis

A

Rhinovirus
Reovirus
Myxovirus
Paramyxovirus
Coxsachivirus
ECHOvirus

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12
Q

Gram positive Bacterial causes of sinusitis

A

Stept. pneumonia
Strept. haemolyticus
Staph. aureus
Neiserria (Moraxella now) catarrhalis

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13
Q

Gram negative bacterial causes of sinusitis

A

P. aeruginosa
H. influenzae
E. coli
Proteus vulgaris

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14
Q

Mode of sinusitis infection

A

Rhinogenic
Dentogenic (Odontogenic)
Haematogenic
Traumatic

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15
Q

Predisposing factors of sinusitis

A

Cold weather
Smoking and Fumes
Allergies
Nasal deformities
Nasal polyps
Cystic fibrosis
HIV infection

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16
Q

Symptoms of sinusitis

A

Headache
Fever
Malaise
Hallitosis
Nasal irritation
Nasal obstruction
Heaviness in the head
Rhinorrhoea
Facial pains and tenderness

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17
Q

Forms of rhinorrhoea

A

Mucoid
Mucopurulent
Haemorrhagic mucopurulent

18
Q

Pain in maxillary sinusitis

A

Frontal headache
Infra orbital pain.

19
Q

Presentations of frontal sinusitis

A

Frontal headache
Supra orbital pain.

20
Q

Presentation of ethmoid sinusitis

A

Intra-canthal pain on the bridge of the nose.

21
Q

Canthus

A

Inner or outer corner of the eye

22
Q

Presentations of sphenoid sinusitis

A

Occipital headache
Retro-ocular pain.

23
Q

Investigations in sinusitis

A

Radiological
Haematological
Microbiology

24
Q

Radiological investigations in sinusitis

A

X ray of paranasal sinuses
Computerized Tomography (CT Scan)

25
Benefits of physiotherapy in sinusitis
Reducing the inflammation in the linings Reducing the viscosity of secretions Aids in clearing the passages by increasing the rate of drainage from the sinus cavities.
26
Most common inciting event of chronic sinusitis
Viral upper respiratory tract infection
27
Symptoms of chronic sinusitis
Offensive yellowish or greenish mucopurulent discharge Nasal obstruction and Irritation Discomfort (Heaviness) in the area of the involved sinus Halitosis
28
Surgical treatment of sinusitis
Antral washout Antral washout and Antrostomy Radical antrostomy
29
Caldwell Luc Operation
Also known as antral antrostomy involves removal of irreversible damaged mucosa of the maxillary sinus
30
Antrostomy
clear the sinus opening
31
Antral washout
Irrigation of the maxillary sinus
32
Management of sinusitis
Broad spectrum antibiotics Analgesic/Antipyretics Nasal decongestants Steam inhalation Physiotherapy
33
Steam inhalation is done with.....
Menthol Tincture of Benzoin Compound (TBC)
34
Causes of chronic sinusitis
Proteus vulgaris E. coli P. aeruginosa Strep. spp. Staph. aureus M. catarrhalis
35
Allergy vs Infective sinusitis
Nostril: Allergy is usually bilateral while infective sinusitis is usually unilateral Rhinorrhoea: Allergy is mucoid ( watery ) while infective sinusitis is mucopurulent Halitosis: infective sinusitis
36
Local complications of chronic sinusitis
Fronto- ethmoidal mucocoele Nasal and Antrochoanal polyps Hypertrophic nasal turbinates Epistaxis
37
Distant complications of chronic sinusitis
Pharyngitis Tonsillitis Laryngitis Orbital cellulitis Otitis media.
37
Intra-cranial complications of chronic sinusitis
Meningitis Cerebral abscess Cavernous sinus thrombosis
38
Nasal polyp
Straw coloured, mobile soft mass, insensitive and painless in the nostril
38
Antrochoanal polyp
benign polypoid lesions arising from the maxillary antrum and they extend into the choana
38
Polypectomy
Removal of polyps

PHARMACY PRACTICE II (17 decks)

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