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PHARMACY PRACTICE II > EAR, NOSE AND THROAT > Flashcards

EAR, NOSE AND THROAT Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the ear

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Tympanic membrane
Inner ear

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2
Q

Parts of the outer ear

A

Ear canal
Pinna or auricle

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3
Q

Parts of the middle ear

A

Ossicles
Eustachian tube

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4
Q

Name the three ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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5
Q

Parts of the inner ear

A

Cochlea - nerves
Vestibule - balance
Semicurcular canals - balance

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6
Q

Otalgia

A

Pain in the inner or outer ear

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7
Q

Otorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the ear

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8
Q

Otorrhea

A

ear drainage

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9
Q

CSF otorrhea

A

Spinal fluid drains through the ear

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10
Q

Autophony

A

Hearing your own voice loudly or echoing

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11
Q

Hyperacusis

A

Increased sensitivity to sound

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12
Q

Constitutional symptoms of ear disorders

A

Fever
Chills
Headache
Malaise
Insomnia
Irritability
Vomiting
Abdominal discomfort
Diarrrhoea
Anorexia
Convulsions
Decreased performance

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13
Q

Congenital ear abnormalities

A

Microtia
Macrotia
Acrotia
Wildermuth’s ear
Ear tags
Preauricular sinus
Atresia
Lop ear
Collaural fistula
Auxiliary ears
Bat ear
Ear canal stenosis

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14
Q

Preauricular sinus

A

A small hole or cyst just in front of the ear above the ear canal

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15
Q

Microtia

A

External is small and not formed properly

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16
Q

Anotia

A

External ear is missing

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17
Q

Macrotia

A

Enlarged external ear

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18
Q

Ear atresia

A

Ear canal is closed

19
Q

Ear canal stenosis

A

Narrowing of the ear canal

20
Q

Risk factors for otitis externa

A

PH changes
Anatomic obstructions
Disrupted epithelium

21
Q

Anatomic obstructions that cause otitis externa

A

EAC stenosis
Exostoses
Wax impactions

22
Q

Exostoses

A

Exostoses are defined as benign growths of bone extending outwards from the surface of a bone

23
Q

Factors that cause disrupted epithelium

A

Ear picking
Hearing aid
Hearing plug

23
Q

Classification of otitis externalities

A

Infective or Reactive

Circumscribed or Diffused

23
Q

Types of Infective (Dermatitis) otitis media

A

Bacterial
Malignant otitis
Fungal otomycosis
Viral

24
Q

Viral causes of otitis media

A

Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster

25
Q

Types of bacterial otitis externa

A

Non-specific
Specific

26
Q

Examples of specific bacterial otitis externa

A

Lupus vulgaris

27
Q

Non-specific bacterial otitis externa

A

Furunculosis
Perichondritis
Otitis externa

28
Q

Types of reactive (Dermatosis) otitis externa

A

Seborrheic or Psoriatic dermatitis
Neurodermatitis
Allergic dermatitis
Eczematous

29
Q

Management of otitis externa

A

Pain relief
Warm compresses
Aural toileting, suctioing or irrigation
Surgical treatment
Specific treatment for the type
Treatment of risk factors

30
Q

Otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

31
Q

Types of otitis media

A

Acute: 3-4 weeks
Subacute :3-4 weeks to 3 months
Chronic: >3 months

32
Q

Types of acute otitis media

A

Acute Otitis Media
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

33
Q

Types of subacute otitis media

A

Chronic non specific OM
Chronic specific OM

34
Q

Antecedent factor to AOM

A

Viral URTI’s- Respiratory synctial virus and Influenza virus

35
Q

Bacteria implicated in AOM

A

S.pneumonae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
Hemolytic streptococcus

36
Q

Bacteria implicated in chronic OM

A

P. aeruginosa
Proteus spp.
E.coli
Bacteroides fragilis
Staph. albus
Staph. aureus

37
Q

Stages of acute otitis media

A
  1. Hyperemia : acute tubal occlusion phase
  2. Exudation: Presuppurative phase
  3. Suppurative phase
  4. Coalescence/ Surgical mastoiditis phase
38
Q

At which stage of AOM is the lighhouse sign seen

A

Stage 3 or suppurative phase

38
Q

Surgical treatments for acute otitis media

A

Myringotomy
Grommets isertion
Adenoidectomy
Mastoidectomy
Tympanoplasty
Ossculoplasty

39
Q

Myringotomy

A

Surgical incision into the ear drum to relieve pressure or drain fluid

40
Q

Ossiculoplasty

A

Reconstruction of the ossicles in the middle ear

41
Q

Grommets insertion

A

Insertion of a small ventilation tube into the eardrum to allow air into the middle ear and prevent buildup of fluid

PHARMACY PRACTICE II (17 decks)

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