EAR, NOSE AND THROAT

Question 1

Parts of the ear

Answer 1

Outer ear
Middle ear
Tympanic membrane
Inner ear

Question 2

Parts of the outer ear

Answer 2

Ear canal
Pinna or auricle

Question 3

Parts of the middle ear

Answer 3

Ossicles
Eustachian tube

Question 4

Name the three ossicles

Answer 4

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

Question 5

Parts of the inner ear

Answer 5

Cochlea - nerves
Vestibule - balance
Semicurcular canals - balance

Question 6

Otalgia

Answer 6

Pain in the inner or outer ear

Question 7

Otorrhagia

Answer 7

Bleeding from the ear

Question 8

Otorrhea

Answer 8

ear drainage

Question 9

CSF otorrhea

Answer 9

Spinal fluid drains through the ear

Question 10

Autophony

Answer 10

Hearing your own voice loudly or echoing

Question 11

Hyperacusis

Answer 11

Increased sensitivity to sound

Question 12

Constitutional symptoms of ear disorders

Answer 12

Fever
Chills
Headache
Malaise
Insomnia
Irritability
Vomiting
Abdominal discomfort
Diarrrhoea
Anorexia
Convulsions
Decreased performance

Question 13

Congenital ear abnormalities

Answer 13

Microtia
Macrotia
Acrotia
Wildermuth’s ear
Ear tags
Preauricular sinus
Atresia
Lop ear
Collaural fistula
Auxiliary ears
Bat ear
Ear canal stenosis

Question 14

Preauricular sinus

Answer 14

A small hole or cyst just in front of the ear above the ear canal

Question 15

Microtia

Answer 15

External is small and not formed properly

Question 16

Anotia

Answer 16

External ear is missing

Question 17

Macrotia

Answer 17

Enlarged external ear

Question 18

Ear atresia

Answer 18

Ear canal is closed

Question 19

Ear canal stenosis

Answer 19

Narrowing of the ear canal

Question 20

Risk factors for otitis externa

Answer 20

PH changes
Anatomic obstructions
Disrupted epithelium

Question 21

Anatomic obstructions that cause otitis externa

Answer 21

EAC stenosis
Exostoses
Wax impactions

Question 22

Exostoses

Answer 22

Exostoses are defined as benign growths of bone extending outwards from the surface of a bone

Question 23

Factors that cause disrupted epithelium

Answer 23

Ear picking
Hearing aid
Hearing plug

Question 23

Classification of otitis externalities

Answer 23

Infective or Reactive

Circumscribed or Diffused

Question 23

Types of Infective (Dermatitis) otitis media

Answer 23

Bacterial Malignant otitis Fungal otomycosis Viral

Question 24

Viral causes of otitis media

Answer 24

Herpes simplex Herpes zoster

Question 25

Types of bacterial otitis externa

Answer 25

Non-specific Specific

Question 26

Examples of specific bacterial otitis externa

Answer 26

Lupus vulgaris

Question 27

Non-specific bacterial otitis externa

Answer 27

Furunculosis Perichondritis Otitis externa

Question 28

Types of reactive (Dermatosis) otitis externa

Answer 28

Seborrheic or Psoriatic dermatitis Neurodermatitis Allergic dermatitis Eczematous

Question 29

Management of otitis externa

Answer 29

Pain relief Warm compresses Aural toileting, suctioing or irrigation Surgical treatment Specific treatment for the type Treatment of risk factors

Question 30

Otitis media

Answer 30

Inflammation of the middle ear

Question 31

Types of otitis media

Answer 31

Acute: 3-4 weeks Subacute :3-4 weeks to 3 months Chronic: >3 months

Question 32

Types of acute otitis media

Answer 32

Acute Otitis Media Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

Question 33

Types of subacute otitis media

Answer 33

Chronic non specific OM Chronic specific OM

Question 34

Antecedent factor to AOM

Answer 34

Viral URTI's- Respiratory synctial virus and Influenza virus

Question 35

Bacteria implicated in AOM

Answer 35

S.pneumonae H. influenzae M. catarrhalis Hemolytic streptococcus

Question 36

Bacteria implicated in chronic OM

Answer 36

P. aeruginosa Proteus spp. E.coli Bacteroides fragilis Staph. albus Staph. aureus

Question 37

Stages of acute otitis media

Answer 37

1. Hyperemia : acute tubal occlusion phase 2. Exudation: Presuppurative phase 3. Suppurative phase 4. Coalescence/ Surgical mastoiditis phase

Question 38

At which stage of AOM is the lighhouse sign seen

Answer 38

Stage 3 or suppurative phase

Question 38

Surgical treatments for acute otitis media

Answer 38

Myringotomy Grommets isertion Adenoidectomy Mastoidectomy Tympanoplasty Ossculoplasty

Question 39

Myringotomy

Answer 39

Surgical incision into the ear drum to relieve pressure or drain fluid

Question 40

Ossiculoplasty

Answer 40

Reconstruction of the ossicles in the middle ear

Question 41

Grommets insertion

Answer 41

Insertion of a small ventilation tube into the eardrum to allow air into the middle ear and prevent buildup of fluid