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PHARMACY PRACTICE II > CONTRACEPTION > Flashcards

CONTRACEPTION Flashcards

1
Q

Reversible contraceptives

A

Short acting reversible contraceptives(SARC)
Long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)
Emergency contraceptive
Fertility awareness based method(FABM)
Barrier methods
Hormonal contraception
IUCD

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2
Q

Permanent methods of contraception

A

Female sterilization
vasectomy

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3
Q

Hormonal methods

A

OCTs
Injections
Implants
Dermal patch
Vaginal rig
IUD
Emergency contraception

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4
Q

Injections

A

Depo-provera
NET-EN
Norigynon

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4
Q

Mechanisms of hormonal contraception

A

Inhibits ovulation
Thins uterine lining
Thickens cervical mucus

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4
Q

Implants

A

Jadelle
Implanon

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4
Q

Progestogens in OCT

A

Drospirenone-DRSP
Levonorgestrel-LNG

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4
Q

Which estrogen is present only during pregnancy

A

Estetrol E4

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4
Q

Which androgen are estrogens synnthesised from

A

Androstenedione
Testosterone

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5
Q

Combined contraceptives

A

Progesin and Estrogen

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5
Q

Three endogenous estrogens

A

Estrone-E1
Estradiol-E2
Estriol-E3

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5
Q

Enzyme that synthesizes estrogens

A

Aromatase

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5
Q

Most potent and prevalent estrogen during reproductive life.

A

Estriol-E3

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6
Q

Hormone that stimulates estrogen production

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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6
Q

Which cells produce estrogen in the gonads

A

Granulosa cells and Corpora lutea

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7
Q

Where does ovarian synthesis of estrogen begin

A

Theca cells and ends in Granulosa cells

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8
Q

Androstenedione is converted to ———- by aromatase

A

Estrone

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9
Q

Testosterone is converted to ———- by aromatase

A

Estradiol

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10
Q

Why ethinyl group is added to exogenous estradiol

A

Increases oral bioavailability
Makes it more potent
Resistant to enzymatic degradation by 17-beta-hydroxylase
Higher affinity for the estrogen receptor

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11
Q

Why is EE(ethinylestradiol) more potent that E2

A

EE does not bind to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)

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12
Q

Migrogynon, Secure

A

Levonorgestrel 150mcg
Ethinylestradiol 30mcg

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12
Q

Why is mestranol weaker than ehinylestradiol

A

Mestranol would have to be converted to ethinyl estradiol in the body.
Mestranol will not bind to the cellular estrogen receptors

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12
Q

Yasmin

A

Drospirenone 3mg
Ethinylestradiol 30mcg

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13
Q

How is norethindrone gotten from ethisterone

A

removal of the 19-carbon from ethisterone

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13
Q

Typical use failure rate in 1st year for combined contraceptives

A

8%

13
Q

Mestranol

A

3-methyl ester of ethinylestradiol

13
Q

Perfect use failure rate in 1st year for combined contraceptives

A

0.3%

14
Q

Effectiveness of combined contraceptives

A

92-99%

14
Q

Who produced norethindrone from ethisterone

A

Carl Djerassi

15
Q

Lydia, Diane 35

A

Cyprotene acetate 2mg
Ethinylestradiol 35mcg

16
Q

Progeistin only contraceptives are good for…………….

A

Breastfeeding
Older women
Smokers who cannot used combined pill

16
Q

Example of progestin only contraceptives (PILLS)

A

Micronor-Norethindrone
Ovrette-Norgestrel

16
Q

Contraindications of estrogens

A

breastfeeding
cardiovascular disease
migraine

17
Q

Side effects of combined contraceptives

A

Vomiting
Nausea
Headache
Bloating

17
Q

Contraindications of progestin only contraceptives

A

Breast cancer

17
Q

How is dermal patch used

A

For three consecutive weeks, followed by 1 patch-free week per cycle.

17
Q

Dermal patch content

A

Estrogen
Progestin

17
Q

Vaginal ring use

A

New ring inserted every month, removed after 3 weeks

18
Q

Example of vaginal ring

A

NuvaRing

18
Q

When is emergency contraception used

A

condom breakage, slippage, or incorrect use
3 or more consecutively missed combined oral contraceptive pills
mini-pill taken more than two hours late (or more than 12 hours late if taking a 0.75mg desogestrel-containing pill

18
Q

Effectiveness of oral contraceptives

A

reduce the chance of a pregnancy by 75% if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex

19
Q

Effectiveness of contraceptives

A

Extremely effective (>99%) - Male/Female sterilisation/IUD/IUS/Implants/Abstinence

Very effective (92%)- Pills, Injectables, Ring, Patch

Moderately effective (80) - Condom, Sponge, Withdrawal, Diaphragm

Effective (75%)- Fertility awaremeness
Cervical cap
Spermicide

19
Q

This is approved for use up to 120 hours after sex

A

Ulipristal acetate (ella)

19
Q

The risk of these cancers can be reduced by oral contraceptives

A

Ovarian
Endometrial
Coloreactal

20
Q

Extended hormonal contraceptives

A

COCs
Transdermal patch
Vaginal ring

20
Q

Benefits of oral contraceptives on menstrual cycle

A

Irregular cycles
Dysmenorrhea
Menorrhagia
Anemia
Functional ovarian cysts

20
Q

Complications of OCTs

A

CVS
DVT
Myocardial infarction
Stroke

20
Q

OCTs can be used to treat

A

Acne
Hirsutism
Perimenopausal symptoms

20
Q

Absolute contraindications of oral contraceptives

A

History of vascular disease (thromboembolism)
Systemic diseases (affect vascular system) SLE , DM with retinopathy or nephropathy
Undiagnosed uterine bleeding
Increase serum TGs
Heart failure rare
Smoking in female more than 35y

20
Q

OCTs can prevent

A

Bone loss
Fibrocystic/benign breast disease.
Ectopic pregnancy

21
Q

Relative contraindications of OCTs

A

Migraine headache
Undiagnosed amenorrhea and depression
Smoking in female less than 35 y

21
Q

Endometrial cancer and contraceptives

A

protection related to duration of use

21
Q

Ovarian caner and contraceptives

A

decrease risk, duration related

21
Q

Pituitary adenoma and contraceptives

A

mask symptoms produced by prolactinoma amenorrhea and galactorrhea (hyperprolactinemia)

21
Q

Colorectal cancer and contraceptives

A

protection

21
Q

Example of a spermicide

A

Nonoxynol
Benzalkonium chloride
Chlorhexidine
Menfegol
Octoxynol-9
Sodium docusate

21
Q

Barrier methods

A

Spermicides
Male Condom
Female Condom
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Dental Dams

21
Q

What is used to make male condoms

A

latex, polyurethane, or lamb skin

22
Q

Most used spermicide

A

Nonoxynol

23
Q

Postpartum contraception

A

initiation and use of contraceptives during the first year after delivery.

23
Q

Post abortion contraception

A

initiation and use of family planning methods after treatment for abortion - within 48 hours, or before fertility returns.

PHARMACY PRACTICE II (17 decks)

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