MENSTRUAL CYCLE Flashcards
Regulation of menstrual cycle
Hypothalamus
Pituitary glands
Ovaries
Uterus
Mean age of menarche in ghana
12.7 years
Mean age of menopause
48 +-3 years
Mean duration of the menstrual cycle
Mean 28 days +- 7days
Range 21-35 days
Average duration of normal menses:
3-7 days
Average blood loss over the period is about
30-80 mls
Ovulation usually occurs
day 14 before next menses
Follicular phase duration
Day 1-14 of a 28 day cycle
Normal menses can delay up to
10 days
What happens during the follicular phase
Follicles develop in ovaries
Proliferative growth of the endometrium
Ovulation or release of ovum occurs
Duration of luteal phase
days 14 to 28 of a 28-day cycle)
Phases of menstrual cycle
Follicular/Proliferative
Luteal or postovulatory phase
Menstrual irregularities
Abnormal duration of flow
Abnormal frequency of the cycle
Spotting
Amenorrhea
Ovulatory bleeding
What happens during the luteal phase
Secretory changes occur in the endometrium
Types of abnormal uterine bleeding
Prepubertal
Peripubertal
Reproductive age
Postmenopausal bleeding
Amenorrhea
absence of menses
Spotting
bleeding unrelated to menses
Differential of abnormal uterine bleeding
Medications
Systemic Disease
Infection
Trauma
Complications of Pregnancy
Benign Pelvic Pathology
Neoplasm
Medications that cause abnormal uterine bleeding
Anticoagulants
Antipsychotics
Corticosteroids
Herbal
Hormone replacement
Intrauterine devices
OCP
SSRIs
Tamoxifen
Thyroid hormone replacement
Complications of pregnancy that cause abnormal uterine bleeding
Intrauterine pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy
Spontaneous abortion
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Placenta previa
Supplements that cause abnormal uterine bleeding
ginseng, soy
Infections that cause abnormal uterine bleeding
Cervicitis
Endometritis
Myometritis
Salpingitis
Traumas that cause abnormal uterine bleeding
Laceration
Abrasion
Foreign body
Sexual Abuse/ Assault
Benign pelvic pathologies that cause abnormal uterine bleeding
Cervical polyp
Endometrial polyp
Leiomyoma
Adenomyosis
