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PHARMACY PRACTICE II > CONJUNCTIVITIS > Flashcards

CONJUNCTIVITIS Flashcards

1
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

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2
Q

Classification of conjunctivitis

A

Hypercute, acute or chronic

Infectious or Noninfectious

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3
Q

Three main regions of the conjunctiva

A

Palpebral conjunctiva
Bulbar or Ocular conjunctiva
Conjunctival fornix

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4
Q

Parts of the palpebral conjunctiva

A

Marginal
Tarsal
Orbital

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5
Q

Part of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelids

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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6
Q

Part of the conjunctiva that covers the eyeball over the anterior sclera

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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7
Q

Parts of the bulbar conjunctiva

A

Scleral
Limbal

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8
Q

Divisions of the conjunctival fornices

A

Superior
Inferior
Lateral
Medial

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9
Q

Location of the conjunctival fornices

A

Junctions between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivas

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10
Q

Role of conjunctiva

A

Secretes mucous to lubricate the eyes and keep it moist
Prevent entry of microbes into the eye

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11
Q

Highest rate of diagnosis of conjunctivitis occurs in………………, with highest incidence between ………………………

A

Children less that 7 years,
0-4 years

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12
Q

Second peak distribution of conjunctivitis

A

22 years in women
28 years in men

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13
Q

Most frequent cause of conjunctivitis

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

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14
Q

Two main divisions of conjunctivitis

A

Infectious
Non-infectious

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15
Q

Causes of non-infectious conjunctivitis

A

Allergic
Toxic
Secondary to systemic causes

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16
Q

Systemic causes of non-infectious conjunctivitis

A

Immune-mediated diseases
Neoplastic processes

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16
Q

Causes of Toxic Non-infectious conjunctivitis

A

Idoxuridine
Brimonidine
Apraclonidine
Dipivefrin
Contact lens solution

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17
Q

An immune mediated disease that causes conjunctivitis

A

Sarcoidosis

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18
Q

Infectious causes of conjunctivitis

A

Virus
Bacteria
Rickettsia
Fungus
Parasites

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18
Q

Viral causes of conjunctivitis

A

Adenoviruses
Herpes simplex virus

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19
Q

Bacterial causes of conjunctivitis

A

Staphylococcus spp.
Strep. pneumonae
H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

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20
Q

Virual conjunctiva is more prevalent during…………..

A

Summer

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21
Q

Most commonest causes of infectious conjunctivitis in adults

A

Virus followed by Bacteria

22
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis is observed more frequently from………….

A

December to April

23
commonest cause of bacterial conjunctivitis
Staphylococcus species followed by S. pneumoniae
24
Allergic conjunctivitis occurs moslty in...
Spring and Summer
25
Difference between seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis
Perennial allergic conjunctivitis involves infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils and T cells but Seasonal involves only eosinophils and neutrophils.
26
Pollen is to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis as house dust mite is to
Perennial allergic conjunctivitis
26
Atopic or allergic conditions that predispose to allergic conjunctivitis
Eczema Asthma Urticaria Rhinitis
26
Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis
Red eye Unilateral thin watery discharge Pain Vesicular eyelid discharge Photophobia Subconjunctival hemorrhage
26
Risk factors of viral conjunctivitis
Direct contact with: Contaminated fingers Contaminated medical instruments Contaminated swimming pool water Personal items from an infected person
26
Risk factors for bacterial conjunctivitis
Contact with contaminated fingers, fomites or oculo-genital contact with someone infected Compromised tear production or drainage Disruption of the natural epithelial barrier Abnormality of adnexal structures Trauma Immunosuppressed status
26
Incubation period for viral conjunctivitis
5-14 days
26
Risk factors for allergic conjunctivitis
History of current or previous non-ocular allergic or atopic conditions
26
When is eyelid cultures and cytology done for conjunctivitis
Recurrent conjunctivitis
26
Rapid antigen testing is used to test for.....
Adenoviruses
26
Fluoroquinolones used in bacterial conjunctivitis
Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Gatifloxacin
26
Treatment for hyperacute conjunctivitis without corneal ulceration secondary to N. gonorrhoeae
1 g IM ceftriaxone single dose
26
Signs and symtopms of bacterial conjunctivitis
Hyperemia Photophobia Unilateral or bilateral Purulent discharge Eyelids may be shut in the morning and dificult to open
26
Treatment of hyperacute conjunctivitis with corneal ulceration secondary to N. gonorrhoeae in patients allergic to penicillins
2g IM Spectinomycin or Oral fluoroquinolone for 5 days Ciprofloxacin 500mg Ofloxacin 400mg BD
26
Immune cells and their associated infections
Lymphocytes-- Viral Eosinophils- Allergic Neutrophils--- Bacterial
26
Antibioitcs used in bacterial conjunctivitis
Fluoroquinolones Aminoglycosides Bacitracin-Polymyxin B Erythromycin Ceftriaxone
26
Complication of adenovirus conjunctivitis
Pharyngoconjunctival fever Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.
26
Management of concurrent chlamydial infection in bacterial conjunctivitis
Azithromycin 1g Doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days Tetracycline 250mg QID for 7 days Erythromycin 500mg QID for 7 days
26
Allergic conjunctivitis
Bilateral Itching Maybe seasonal Tearing Mild eye swelling Watery discharge Feeling of grittiness on the eye
27
Frequency of application for fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides in bacterial conjunctivitis
4-6 hourly for 5-7 days
27
Aminoglycosides used in bacterial conjunctivitis
Tobramycin Gentamycin
27
These antibiotics have a higher incidence of toxicity to the corneal epithelium
Tobramycin Gentamycin
27
Treatment of hyperacute conjunctivitis with corneal ulceration secondary to N. gonorrhae
Admit to hospital 1g IV Ceftriaxone 12 hourly for 3 days
27
Drugs for allergic conjunctivitis
Topical antihistamines Topical mast cell stabilizers Topical steroids Immunosuppresants
27
Management of Viral conjunctivitis
Acyclovir Ganciclovir
27
Topical antihistamines used in allergic conjunctivitis
Azelastine Epinastine Ketotifen Olopatadine
27
................... via parenteral and oral routes has been shown to be effective in seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis
Immunotherapy
27
When are oral antihistamines used to manage allergic conjunctivitis
Oral antihistamines are added in moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis
27
Topical mast cell stabilizers used in allergic conjunctivitis
Lodoxamide Sodium cromoglycate Ketotifen Olopatadine
27
Topical steroids used in allergic conjunctivitis
Fluorometholone Prednisolone
27
Immunosuppressants used in allergic conjunctivitis
Cyclosporine

PHARMACY PRACTICE II (17 decks)

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