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PHARMACY PRACTICE II > CONJUNCTIVITIS > Flashcards

CONJUNCTIVITIS Flashcards

1
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

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2
Q

Classification of conjunctivitis

A

Hypercute, acute or chronic

Infectious or Noninfectious

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3
Q

Three main regions of the conjunctiva

A

Palpebral conjunctiva
Bulbar or Ocular conjunctiva
Conjunctival fornix

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4
Q

Parts of the palpebral conjunctiva

A

Marginal
Tarsal
Orbital

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5
Q

Part of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelids

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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6
Q

Part of the conjunctiva that covers the eyeball over the anterior sclera

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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7
Q

Parts of the bulbar conjunctiva

A

Scleral
Limbal

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8
Q

Divisions of the conjunctival fornices

A

Superior
Inferior
Lateral
Medial

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9
Q

Location of the conjunctival fornices

A

Junctions between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivas

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10
Q

Role of conjunctiva

A

Secretes mucous to lubricate the eyes and keep it moist
Prevent entry of microbes into the eye

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11
Q

Highest rate of diagnosis of conjunctivitis occurs in………………, with highest incidence between ………………………

A

Children less that 7 years,
0-4 years

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12
Q

Second peak distribution of conjunctivitis

A

22 years in women
28 years in men

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13
Q

Most frequent cause of conjunctivitis

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

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14
Q

Two main divisions of conjunctivitis

A

Infectious
Non-infectious

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15
Q

Causes of non-infectious conjunctivitis

A

Allergic
Toxic
Secondary to systemic causes

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16
Q

Systemic causes of non-infectious conjunctivitis

A

Immune-mediated diseases
Neoplastic processes

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16
Q

Causes of Toxic Non-infectious conjunctivitis

A

Idoxuridine
Brimonidine
Apraclonidine
Dipivefrin
Contact lens solution

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17
Q

An immune mediated disease that causes conjunctivitis

A

Sarcoidosis

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18
Q

Infectious causes of conjunctivitis

A

Virus
Bacteria
Rickettsia
Fungus
Parasites

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18
Q

Viral causes of conjunctivitis

A

Adenoviruses
Herpes simplex virus

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19
Q

Bacterial causes of conjunctivitis

A

Staphylococcus spp.
Strep. pneumonae
H. influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

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20
Q

Virual conjunctiva is more prevalent during…………..

A

Summer

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21
Q

Most commonest causes of infectious conjunctivitis in adults

A

Virus followed by Bacteria

22
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis is observed more frequently from………….

A

December to April

23
Q

commonest cause of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Staphylococcus species followed by S. pneumoniae

24
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs moslty in…

A

Spring and Summer

25
Q

Difference between seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis

A

Perennial allergic conjunctivitis involves infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils and T cells but
Seasonal involves only eosinophils and neutrophils.

26
Q

Pollen is to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis as house dust mite is to

A

Perennial allergic conjunctivitis

26
Q

Atopic or allergic conditions that predispose to allergic conjunctivitis

A

Eczema
Asthma
Urticaria
Rhinitis

26
Q

Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis

A

Red eye
Unilateral thin watery discharge
Pain
Vesicular eyelid discharge
Photophobia
Subconjunctival hemorrhage

26
Q

Risk factors of viral conjunctivitis

A

Direct contact with:
Contaminated fingers
Contaminated medical instruments
Contaminated swimming pool water
Personal items from an infected person

26
Q

Risk factors for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Contact with contaminated fingers, fomites or oculo-genital contact with someone infected
Compromised tear production or drainage
Disruption of the natural epithelial barrier
Abnormality of adnexal structures
Trauma
Immunosuppressed status

26
Q

Incubation period for viral conjunctivitis

A

5-14 days

26
Q

Risk factors for allergic conjunctivitis

A

History of current or previous non-ocular allergic or atopic conditions

26
Q

When is eyelid cultures and cytology done for conjunctivitis

A

Recurrent conjunctivitis

26
Q

Rapid antigen testing is used to test for…..

A

Adenoviruses

26
Q

Fluoroquinolones used in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Gatifloxacin

26
Q

Treatment for hyperacute conjunctivitis without corneal ulceration secondary toN. gonorrhoeae

A

1 g IM ceftriaxone single dose

26
Q

Signs and symtopms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Hyperemia
Photophobia
Unilateral or bilateral
Purulent discharge
Eyelids may be shut in the morning and dificult to open

26
Q

Treatment of hyperacute conjunctivitis with corneal ulceration secondary toN. gonorrhoeae in patients allergic to penicillins

A

2g IM Spectinomycin
or
Oral fluoroquinolone for 5 days
Ciprofloxacin 500mg
Ofloxacin 400mg BD

26
Q

Immune cells and their associated infections

A

Lymphocytes– Viral
Eosinophils- Allergic
Neutrophils— Bacterial

26
Q

Antibioitcs used in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides

Bacitracin-Polymyxin B
Erythromycin

Ceftriaxone

26
Q

Complication of adenovirus conjunctivitis

A

Pharyngoconjunctival fever
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

26
Q

Management of concurrent chlamydial infection in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Azithromycin 1g
Doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days
Tetracycline 250mg QID for 7 days
Erythromycin 500mg QID for 7 days

26
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

A

Bilateral
Itching
Maybe seasonal
Tearing
Mild eye swelling
Watery discharge
Feeling of grittiness on the eye

27
Q

Frequency of application for fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

4-6 hourly for 5-7 days

27
Q

Aminoglycosides used in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Tobramycin
Gentamycin

27
Q

These antibiotics have a higher incidence of toxicity to the corneal epithelium

A

Tobramycin
Gentamycin

27
Q

Treatment of hyperacute conjunctivitis with corneal ulceration secondary to N. gonorrhae

A

Admit to hospital

1g IV Ceftriaxone 12 hourly for 3 days

27
Q

Drugs for allergic conjunctivitis

A

Topical antihistamines
Topical mast cell stabilizers
Topical steroids
Immunosuppresants

27
Q

Management of Viral conjunctivitis

A

Acyclovir
Ganciclovir

27
Q

Topical antihistamines used in allergic conjunctivitis

A

Azelastine
Epinastine
Ketotifen
Olopatadine

27
Q

………………. via parenteral and oral routes has been shown to be effective in seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis

A

Immunotherapy

27
Q

When are oral antihistamines used to manage allergic conjunctivitis

A

Oral antihistamines are added in moderate to severe allergic conjunctivitis

27
Q

Topical mast cell stabilizers used in allergic conjunctivitis

A

Lodoxamide
Sodium cromoglycate
Ketotifen
Olopatadine

27
Q

Topical steroids used in allergic conjunctivitis

A

Fluorometholone
Prednisolone

27
Q

Immunosuppressants used in allergic conjunctivitis

A

Cyclosporine

PHARMACY PRACTICE II (17 decks)

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