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Radiology protection > Sinus And Facial Bones > Flashcards

Sinus And Facial Bones Flashcards

1
Q

The 15° PA axial (Caldwell) projection for facial bones produces an unobstructed view of the maxilla.

T or F

A

False

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2
Q

Which positioning line must be used with a 30° caudad angle for an AP axial projection of zygomatic arches?

a. IOML
B. OML
c. AML
d. GAL

A

OML

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3
Q

A fracture involving the facial bones where a blow to one side causes a fracture to the opposite side is termed a ____ fracture.

ALe Fort
b. blow-out
c. tripod
D. contrecoup

A

contrecoup

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4
Q

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate deviation of the bony nasal septum?

a. AP axial projection
b. Lateral nasal bone
c. Lateral facial bone
d. Parietoacanthial

A

Parietoacanthial

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5
Q

Why is the chin extended for an axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?

a. To better visualize the mentum
b. To profile the condylar process
C. To prevent superimposition upon the cervical spine
d. To open up the TMJ

A

To prevent superimposition upon the cervical spine

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6
Q

patient enters the ED with a possible fracture of the right zygomatic arch. Which of the following routines would best diagnose a possible fracture of this structure?

a. Modified parietoacanthial, 15° PA Caldwell, and lateral facial bone projections
B. Submentovertical, oblique inferosuperior (tangential), and AP axial (Towne method) projections
c. Parietoacanthial, parieto-orbital, and lateral facial bone projections
d. Submentovertical, parietoacanthial, and bilateral tangential superoinferior projectio

A

Submentovertical, oblique inferosuperior (tangential), and AP axial (Towne method) projections

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7
Q

What is the maximum CR angulation used for the axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?

A. 45°
b. 30°
c. 10° to 15°
D. 25°

A

25°

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8
Q

Which bony landmark represents the highest level of the facial bone mass?

A

Orbital plates

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9
Q

Which two bones form the bony nasal septum

a. Ethmoid and vomer
b. Vomer and maxilla
c. Superior and inferior nasal conchae
d. Sphenoid and ethmoid

A

Ethmoid and vomer

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10
Q

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the entire mandible with one exposure?

A. Submentovertical
b. Tomography
c. Axiolateral oblique
d. AP axial

A

Submentovertical

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11
Q

The modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection requires more extension of the head and neck as compared with the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection.

T or F

A

False

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12
Q

Which projection best demonstrates the floor of the orbits with minimal distortion

a. Parietoacanthial (Waters)
b. PA axial (Caldwell)
c. Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
d. Lateral facial bones

A

Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters

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13
Q

Where is the CR centered for an AP axial (Towne method) projection for the mandible?

A. At the nasion
b. 2 inches (5 cm) superior to glabella
c. 1 inch (2.5 cm) superior to glabella
d. At the mentum

A

1 inch (2.5 cm) superior to glabella

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14
Q

CR angle is required for the axiolateral (Schuller method) projection of the TMJs?

a. None. The CR should be perpendicular to the film.
b. 20° to 25° cephalad
c. 15° caudad
d. 25° to 30° caudad

A

25° to 30° caudad

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15
Q

Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate?

a. Zygomatic
b. Mandible
c. Maxilla
d. Palatine

A

Maxilla

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16
Q

What primary type of joint movement occurs with the temporomandibular joint?

a. Bicondylar
b. Spheroidal
c. Plane
d. Gomphosis

A

a. Bicondylar

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17
Q

Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture?

A. Temporal
b. Zygomatic
c. Maxilla
d. Ethmoid

A

Zygomaticc

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18
Q

What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?

a. 40°
b. 37°
c. 42°
d. 15° to 20°

A

37

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19
Q

Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones?

a. Glabella
b. Midorbits
c. Nasion
d. Acanthion

A

Acanthion

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20
Q

Along with the use of erect positions, what other technical factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses?

a. Large focal spot
b. Horizontal x-ray beam
c. Use of high kV
d. Use of IR without a grid

A

Horizontal x-ray beam

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21
Q

How much skull rotation, from a lateral position, is recommended to best demonstrate the body of the mandible for an axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection?

a. 45° toward the IR
b. 30° toward the IR
c. 10 to 15° toward the IR
d. None. Keep skull in true lateral position.

A

30° toward the IR

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22
Q

How much skull tilt and rotation are required for the oblique inferosuperior (tangential) projection for zygomatic arches?

a. 15°
b. None
c. 10°
d. 25°

A

15°

23
Q

The CR must be placed parallel to the ____ positioning line for the superoinferior tangential (axial) projection of nasal bones

a. lips-meatal
b. mentomeatal
c. glabellomeatal
Correctd. glabelloalveolar

A

glabelloalveolar

24
Q

Which cranial bone possesses the zygomatic process?

A

Temporal

25
Q

The point of union between both halves of the mandible is termed:

a. ramus.
b. symphysis menti.
c. mental foramina.
d. gonion

A

symphysis menti

26
Q

How much skull rotation (from a lateral position) is required to place the ramus parallel to the IR for the axiolateral/axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?

a. 53°
b. 30°
c. 45°
d. None. The skull should be kept in a lateral position.

A

None. The skull should be kept in a lateral position.

27
Q

Infections involving the upper teeth may involve the frontal sinuses. T or F

A

False

28
Q

For a lateral facial bone projection, the chin should be adjusted so the IOML is perpendicular to the front edge of the IR. T or F

A

True

29
Q

A radiograph of an axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible reveals that the mandibular body is greatly foreshortened. Which of the following modifications is necessary to produce a more diagnostic image?

A. Increase the rotation of skull toward the image receptor.
b. Decrease the rotation of skull toward the image receptor.
c. Decrease the CR angulation.
d. Increase the CR angulation.

A

A. Increase the rotation of skull toward the image receptor

30
Q

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR with a true lateral nasal bone projection?

a. Midsagittal
b. AML
c. Interpupillary
d. OML

A

. Interpupillary

31
Q

The lateral projection of the facial bones is typically a unilateral projection. T orF

A

True

32
Q

Which positioning line is parallel to the IR for the oblique inferosuperior (tangential) projection of the zygomatic arches?

a. Midsagittal plane
b. Infraorbitomeatal
c. Glabelloalveolar
d. Orbitomeatal

A

Infraorbitomeatal

33
Q

Lesions of decreased density are termed osteoblastic lesions

T or F

A

False

34
Q

What is the only paranasal sinus not contained within a cranial bone

a. Frontal
b. Ethmoid
C. Maxillary
d. Sphenoid

A

Maxillary

35
Q

A patient enters the ED with a possible nasal bone fracture. The physician is concerned about a possible bony nasal septum deviation and fractured nasal bones. Which of the following routines would best diagnose these injuries?

A. Parietoacanthial, lateral nasal bone, and superoinferior (axial) projections
b. Modified parietoacanthial and lateral nasal bone projections
c. Fifteen-degree PA Caldwell and lateral facial bone projections
d. Modified parietoacanthial, submentovertex, and oblique-axial projections

A

Parietoacanthial, lateral nasal bone, and superoinferior (axial) projections

36
Q

The upper and lower teeth are embedded in the:

A. alveolar processes.
b. condyloid processes.
c. palatine processes.
d. symphysis menti.

A

alveolar processes.

37
Q

The axiolateral oblique projection (modified Law method) for TMJs requires a ____ rotation of the skull and a ____ caudad angle of the CR.

a. 15°; 15°
b. 10°; 15°
c. 0°; 25° to 30°
d. 5°; 0°

A

. 15°; 15°

38
Q

A radiograph of a submentovertical projection reveals that the mandible is superimposed over the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eliminate this problem?

a. Perform the projection with the patient supine.
b. Increase the flexion of the head and neck.
c. Increase the extension of the head and neck.
d. Perform the axiolateral oblique instead of the submentovertical projection.

A

Increase the extension of the head and neck

39
Q

Which aspect of the mandible is best demonstrated with an AP axial projection?

ACondyloid process
b. Mentum
c. Body
d. Ramus

A

Condyloid process

40
Q

Which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone?

Sphenoid, frontal, occipital
b. Frontal, sphenoid, temporal
c. Ethmoid, parietal, frontal
d. Frontal, ethmoid, temporal

A

b. Frontal, sphenoid, temporal

41
Q

A patient enters the ED with a possible fracture of the proximal ramus of the mandible. Which of the following routines would best diagnose this fracture?

a. PA mandible projection, axiolateral oblique projection with a 45° skull rotation toward IR, and submentovertex projection
b. Parietoacanthial projection, axiolateral oblique projection with a 30° skull rotation toward IR, and lateral facial bone projection
c. PA mandible projection, axiolateral oblique projection with a 45° skull rotation toward IR, and 35° AP axial projection
d. PA axial mandible projection, axiolateral projection with no skull rotation, and a 35° AP axial projection

A

d. PA axial mandible projection, axiolateral projection with no skull rotation, and a 35° AP axial projection

42
Q

Which of the following technical factors do NOT apply to lateral nasal bone projections?

A.The technologist should not use automatic exposure control (AEC).
b. The technologist should use a small focal spot.
c. The technologist should use low to medium kV.
D. All of the above

A

All of the,

43
Q

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding

No error exists; accept the initial radiograph.
B. Insufficient extension of skull and neck
c. Excessive extension of skull and neck
d. Excessive CR angulation

A

Insufficient extension of skull and neck

44
Q

The submentovertical projection requires that the infraorbital meatal line (IOML) is placed parallel to the image receptor.

T or false

A

True

45
Q

What is the largest immovable bone of the face?

Zygomatic
b. Vomer
c. Mandible
D. Maxilla

A

Maxilla

46
Q

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones?

Midway between the glabella and the EAM
b. Outer canthus
c. Acanthion
D. Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

A

D. Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

47
Q

Where does the CR exit for the optional PA axial projection of the mandible?

Junction of the lips
b. Nasion
C. Acanthion
d. Mentum

A

C acrathnion

48
Q

What is the classification of the joint found between the teeth and maxilla?

Cartilaginous
b. Synarthrodial
C. Fibrous
d. Synovial

A

Fibrous

49
Q

A patient enters the ED with facial bone injuries. The physician is concerned about a possible blow-out fracture of the left orbit. Which one of the following projections would best diagnose this injury

Parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection
b. Superoinferior (tangential) projection
c. Submentovertical projection
D.Modified parietoacanthial (modified

A

Modified parietoacanthial (modified

50
Q

Which of the following structures are described as scroll-like projections found in the nasal cavity?

Pterygoid processes
B. Conchae
c. Perpendicular plate
d. Septal cartilage

A

Conchae

51
Q

An axiolateral oblique projection (modified Law method) for the temporomandibular joints on a brachycephalic type of skull would require ____ rotation as compared with an average-shaped skull.

the same
B. less
c. more
d. Rotation depends on the patient’s

A

Less

52
Q

Which of the following terms describes the junction of the two nasal bones?

A

Nasion

53
Q

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?

Midway between EAM and nasion
b. EAM
C. Two inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
d. Three-fourths inch (2 cm) anterior and three-fourths inch (2 cm) superior

A

Two inches (5 cm) superior to EAM

54
Q

What is the position of the skull for an axiolateral projection (Schuller method) of the TMJ?

A Skull rotated 15° toward the IR from the lateral position
B. True lateral position
c. Midsagittal plane at a 53° angle to the image receptor
d. OML is at a 37° angle to the image

A

True lat position

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