Final Flashcards
What is the mean value of the radiation doubling dose for humans, as determined from studies of the
children of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
A. 3.00 Sv
B. 1.56 Sv
C. 5.67 Sv
D. 1.00 Sv
1.56
Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms?
A. Solar and galactic
B. Natural background and artificial
C. Solar and human-made
D. Artificial and galactic
A. Solar and galactic
Which of the following radiation quantities use the same unit of measure?
A. Effective dose and equivalent dose
B. Exposure and effective dose
C. Absorbed dose and equivalent dose
D. All of the above
Effective dose and equivalent dose
The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
1/1000 of a sievert.
1/100 of a sievert.
1/10.000 of a sievert.
1/10 of a sievert.
1/1000 of a sievert
The symbol Z indicates
A atomic number of an atom.
B. the number of vacancies in an atomic shell.
C. atomic weight of an atom.
D. fluorescent yield.
atomic number of an atom
Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have neither mass nor electric charge and
travel at the speed of light are
ions.
positrons.
X-ray photons.
negatrons.
X-ray photons
During the 1950s and 1960s, the Navajo people of Arizona and New Mexico who mined uranium for
fuel for nuclear weapons and power plants developed lung cancer years after their exposure. This provides an example of which of the following?
A.Early tissue reactions
B.Late tissue reactions
C. Late stochastic effects
d. Late genetic effects
Late stochastic effects
The advantages of the BERT method are
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
d.All the options
All the options
The hematopoietic form of acute radiation syndrome is also called the
A. cytogenetic syndrome.
B. cerebrovascular syndrome.
C. bone marrow syndrome.
D. Auger syndrome.
bone marrow syndrome.
Revised concepts of the risks of radiation exposure have brought about changes in NCRP
recommendations for limits on exposure to ionizing radiation over a number of decades. Because
many conflicting views exist on assessing the risk of cancer induction from low-level radiation exposure, the trend has been to
A. reduce rigorous radiation protection standards.
B. eliminate radiation protection standards.
C. create more rigorous radiation protection standards.
D. leave radiation protection standards the same as they have been for the last 20 years.
create more rigorous radiation protection standards.
The term apoptosis is synonymous with
A. point mutation.
B. programmed cell death.
C. meiosis.
D. mitosis.
programmed cell death
Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be
obtained is:
A.typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit maybe.
B. less than the risk involved.
C. equal to the risk involved.
D. greater than the risk involved.
greater than the risk involved.
Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.
4600 mSv
46 mSV
460 mSv
4.6 mSv
460 msv
What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
Millisievert
Milligray
Coulomb per kilogram
Sievert
Coulomb per kilogram
If bone marrow cells have not been destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation, they can
- repopulate after a period of recovery.
- overpopulate and become radioresistant.
- remain in circulating blood indefinitely.
- become insensitive to future exposures from ionizing radiation.
repopulate after a period of recovery.
Which of the following statements is true?
- Medical imaging personnel hardly ever receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
- Medical imaging personnel always receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
- Medical imaging personnel absolutely never receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
- Medical imaging personnel almost always receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
Medical imaging personnel hardly ever receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual occupational effective dose limit.
Whenever the letter “M’ appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report, it signifies that a (an)
-A. equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
B. maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time.
-c. mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose.
- d. equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded
during that time.
Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice
Is justified?
a. NEXT program
b. ALARA concept
C. BERT method
D. Diagnostic efficacy
Diagnostic efficacy
Effective dose (ED) limits may be specified for
- partial-body exposure.
- whole-body exposure.
- exposure of individual organs.
- all of the options.
All the options.
The prodromal stage of acute radiation syndrome is actually the
a. manifest illness period.
b. recovery period.
C latent period.
d.beginning stage.
beginning stage
Research has shown that repeated radiation injuries have a
a. threshold effect.
b.cumulative effect.
C. quadratic effect.
d.sigmoidal effect.
.cumulative effect
Which of the following is not a form of acute radiation syndrome?
a.Hematopoietic syndrome
b.Carcinogenic syndrome
C.Gastrointestinal syndrome
d.Cerebrovascular syndrome
Carcinogenic syndrome
Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures always
follow ALARA?
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety
b.So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety.
C. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is a dose level below which a person would have no chance of developing this disease
d.Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals would have a chance of developing this disease.
Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that
is a dose level below which a person would have no chance of developing this
Three different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter. Of what are these filters made?
A. Zinc, copper, and lead
b. Aluminum, tin, and lead
C. Zinc, copper, and barium
d.Aluminum, tin, and copper
Aluminum, tin, and copper
Which of the following formulas is used to calculate effective dose?
A. EFD =D = WR × Wt
b. EfD = D x WR × Wt
C. EFD = (D x WR), + (D x WR)2 + (D x WR)}
All of the options
b. EfD = D x WR × Wt
a person receives radiation exposure sufficient to cause the gastrointestinal syndrome, fatality occurs primarily as a result of
A. convulsive seizures.
B. catastrophic damage to the epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal track.
C. edema in the cranial vault.
d. meningitis.
catastrophic damage to the epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal track.
Which of the following is/are considered low-LET radiation(s)?
A. Alpha particles and gamma rays
b. X-rays
C. X-rays and gamma rays
d.Alpha particles
Alpha particles and gamma rays
Early tissue reactions are
A. not common in diagnostic imaging.
b. common in diagnostic imaging.
C. a result of irradiation of acellular tissue.
D. a result of Grenz rays in a diagnostic ×-ray beam.
not common in diagnostic imaging.
