Ch 1,2&3 Practice Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x-radiation and biologic matter?
Bremsstrahlung
Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
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Which of the following results in all-directional scatter?
Compton interaction
The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms _________.
increases markedly; increases
Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation?
1. Microwaves
2. Visible light
3. X-rays
4. Gamma rays
5. Ultraviolet radiation
All of them
What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
Coulomb per kilogram
If two anatomic structures have the same density and atomic number but one is twice as thick as the other, the thicker structure will absorb
twice as many x-ray photons.
What is the latent period for most radiation-induced cancers?
15 years or more
Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?
Effective dose
Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
Ionizing radiation
Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is referred to as
wave-particle duality.
What is the total average annual radiation equivalent dose for estimated levels of radiation exposure for humans?
5.5
Compton scattering is synonymous with
incoherent scattering.
Effective protective measures take into consideration
- both human and environmental physical determinants.
- technical elements.
- procedural factors.
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What is the most common unit of measure of equivalent dose?
Millisievert
The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
1/1000
Which of the following terms refers to the radiation that occurs when an electron spontaneously drops down from an outer shell of an ionized atom to fill a vacancy in an inner shell of that atom?
Characteristic photon, or characteristic x-ray
Of the two sources of ionizing radiation listed below, which source remains fairly constant from year to year?
Natural radiation
Which of the following interactions between x-ray photons with matter involve a matter–antimatter annihilation reaction?
Pair production
In the electromagnetic spectrum, higher frequencies are associated with
shorter wavelengths and higher energies.
In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner-shell electron from its atomic orbit, the incoming x-ray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy
as large as or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit.
Diagnostic efficacy includes
1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified.
2. obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure.
3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines.
4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.
All of them
Annihilation radiation is used in which of the following modalities?
Positron emission tomography
Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?
Photoelectron and characteristic photon
