Ch 1,2&3 Practice Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x-radiation and biologic matter?

Answer 1

Bremsstrahlung

Question 2

Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.

Answer 2

12345

Question 3

Which of the following results in all-directional scatter?

Answer 3

Compton interaction

Question 4

The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms _________.

Answer 4

increases markedly; increases

Question 5

Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation?
1. Microwaves
2. Visible light
3. X-rays
4. Gamma rays
5. Ultraviolet radiation

Answer 5

All of them

Question 6

What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?

Answer 6

Coulomb per kilogram

Question 7

If two anatomic structures have the same density and atomic number but one is twice as thick as the other, the thicker structure will absorb

Answer 7

twice as many x-ray photons.

Question 8

What is the latent period for most radiation-induced cancers?

Answer 8

15 years or more

Question 9

Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?

Answer 9

Effective dose

Question 10

Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?

Answer 10

Ionizing radiation

Question 11

Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon. This dual nature is referred to as

Answer 11

wave-particle duality.

Question 12

What is the total average annual radiation equivalent dose for estimated levels of radiation exposure for humans?

Answer 12

5.5

Question 13

Compton scattering is synonymous with

Answer 13

incoherent scattering.

Question 14

Effective protective measures take into consideration

1. both human and environmental physical determinants.
2. technical elements.
3. procedural factors.

Answer 14

123

Question 15

What is the most common unit of measure of equivalent dose?

Answer 15

Millisievert

Question 16

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to

Answer 16

1/1000

Question 17

Which of the following terms refers to the radiation that occurs when an electron spontaneously drops down from an outer shell of an ionized atom to fill a vacancy in an inner shell of that atom?

Answer 17

Characteristic photon, or characteristic x-ray

Question 18

Of the two sources of ionizing radiation listed below, which source remains fairly constant from year to year?

Answer 18

Natural radiation

Question 19

Which of the following interactions between x-ray photons with matter involve a matter–antimatter annihilation reaction?

Answer 19

Pair production

Question 20

In the electromagnetic spectrum, higher frequencies are associated with

Answer 20

shorter wavelengths and higher energies.

Question 21

In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner-shell electron from its atomic orbit, the incoming x-ray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy

Answer 21

as large as or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit.

Question 22

Diagnostic efficacy includes
1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified.
2. obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure.
3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines.
4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.

Answer 22

All of them

Question 23

Annihilation radiation is used in which of the following modalities?

Answer 23

Positron emission tomography

Question 24

Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?

Answer 24

Photoelectron and characteristic photon