Simple Harmonic Motion + Waves Flashcards
Harmonic motion shows
Repetitive movement
What is the Period (T)?
Time it takes for the particle to complete 1 revolution
What is the frequency (f)?
The number of cycles the particle makes in a given time period
What are the units of frequency?
s-1 or Hz
How can frequency become angular frequency (w)?
Multiply frequency by 2π
What is the equation for frequency (f)?
1 / T
What happens to a particle’s path if it is projected onto a line adjacent to circle?
The particle position oscillates between +x and -x
How does an object oscillate in simple harmonic motion?
It oscillates back and forth from the equilibrium point with angular frequency
What kind of force is an object subject to in simple harmonic motion?
Linear restoring force
What happens during Linear restoring force?
- Object always directed back towards equilibrium
- Mag is perpendicular to the displacement
How is the acceleration in simple harmonic motion?
a = -w^2 • x
k is the spring constant which measures the
Stiffness of a spring
The larger the k, the
Stronger the spring
In a pendulum, the spring constant k can equal to
mg / L
For pendulums, the angular frequency (w) is related to
g and the L of pendulum
For pendulums, the angular frequency (w) is not affected by
- Mass of pendulum
- Angle of displacement
What is the equation of particle displacement of a spring / pendulum?
x = A • sin(w•t)
How is the energy in spring / pendulum?
E = K + U
What is the PE (U) in springs / pendulum?
U / PE = 1/2kx^2
When the mass is at eq in springs, the PE is
0
When the mass is at eq in springs, the KE is
At Max
How is velocity when oscillation at max?
V = 0
How is KE when oscillation at max?
KE = 0
How is max PE when oscillation at max?
PE = 1/2kA^2
How is the period (T) in springs?
T = 2π • √m/K
What is angular frequency (w) in springs?
w = √k/m
KE is at its maximum in a spring when
x = 0
How is the PE (U) in springs?
1/2kx^2
What is k in a pendulum?
k = mg / L
How is the period (T) in pendulum?
T = 2π • √L/q
How is the PE (U) in a pendulum?
U = mgh
What is angular frequency (w) in pendulum?
w = √g/L
What are transverse waves?
Waves in which particles oscillate perpendicular to wave motion
What are longitudinal waves?
Particles oscillate in the direction of wave motion
What is the equation of the displacement (y) along the wave’s motion?
y = A • sin(kx-wt)
The wavelength is the distance from
1 crest to another
What is the speed of a wave (v)?
v = f • wavelength v = wavelength / T
What is the equation of the wave number (k)?
k = 2π / wavelength
Phase difference is displayed by
Two similar waves
Phase difference describes how
Aligned 2 waves are with one another
Phase difference is usually expressed in
Angles
What does the principle of superposition state?
When waves interact with one another, the result is the sum of waves
What happens when waves add in phase?
Their amplitudes add together, allowing for constructive interference
What happens when waves add out of phase?
There is around an 180º difference, resulting in destructive difference
A traveling wave consists of a
Strong fixed at one end
How does the wave propagate in a traveling wave?
It goes down a string
What does a traveling wave do at a boundary?
Reflect and invert
What is the relationship between the waves in a traveling wave?
The original and reflected wave interfere with one another
A standing wave is one in which
Both ends of the string are fixed
Antinodes are
Points in between nodes
Nodes are
Points of wave that remain at stress
