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Nursing School: Terms and Abbreviations > Signs and Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs and Symptoms Flashcards

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1
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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2
Q

ptosis

A

drooping eyelid

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3
Q

exopthalmos

A

protruding eyes

(Graves’ disease, hyperthyrodism)

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4
Q

periorbital edema

A

swelling around the eyes

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5
Q

ectropion

A

eyelids loosen and roll outward

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6
Q

entropion

A

eyelids roll in because of scarring or spasm

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7
Q

dysphagia

A

swallowing difficulties

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8
Q

diaphoretic

A

excessive sweating

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9
Q

diaphoretic

A

excessive sweating

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10
Q

dysphagia

A

swallowing difficulties

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11
Q

entropion

A

eyelids roll in because of scarring or spasm

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12
Q

ectropion

A

eyelids loosen and roll outward

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13
Q

paresthesia

A

burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet

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14
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling, usually in one arm or leg, most often because of damage to or removal of lymph nodes

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15
Q

rubor

A

redness of the skin

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16
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin, usually because of injury/inflammation

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17
Q

bruit

A

auscultated indicator of turbulent bloodflow

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18
Q

thrill

A

palpable indicator of turbulent bloodflow

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19
Q

pallor

A

pale skin

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20
Q

dysarthria

A
  • slurred speech
  • motor speech disorder, lack of control of larynx, tongue, vocal cords, and surrounding muscles
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21
Q

clubbing

A

enlargening of fingertips, flattening of angle between fingernail and nail bed

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22
Q

turgor

A

how quickly skin returns to its shape after pinching

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23
Q

mobility

A

how easily skin lifts when pinched

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24
Q

tenting

A
  • when pinched skin retains the shape it was pinched into
  • indicates dehydration
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25
Q

blanch

A

to briefly lose color

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26
Q

patent

A

open, unobstructed, failing to close

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27
Q

orthopnea

A
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28
Q

dyspnea

A
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29
Q

apnea

A
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30
Q

barrel chest

A
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31
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A
  • bnormal lung sounds heard when auscultating
  • wheezes, crackles (rales), or stridor
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32
Q

crackles

A
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33
Q

wheezes

A
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34
Q

rhonchi

A
35
Q

nystagmus

A
36
Q

Chvostek’s sign

A

a contraction of ipsilateral facial muscles subsequent to percussion over the facial nerve

(video)

37
Q

hypercalcemia

A
  • serum calcium level > 10.5 mg/dL
  • clinical manifestations generally occur at > 12 mg/dL
  • symptoms: depressed DTR, nausea, vomiting, bone pain, lethargy, weakness
38
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of the heart caused by accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardium

39
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A
  • cardiac irregularity marked by variation in interval between sinus beats
  • may occur with respiration (increased HR during inspiration and decreased HR on expiration) or result from use of digitalis glycosides
  • common in older patients and linked with an increased risk of sudden death
40
Q

respiratory sinus arrhythmia

A

changes in HR with inspiration and expiration

41
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

change in blood pressure related to respiration

42
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain or muscle ache

43
Q

leukopenia

A
  • abnormal decrease of white blood cells usually below 5,000/mm3
  • causes include failure of bone marrow, many drugs, COVID-19
44
Q

lymphopenia

A
  • deficiency of lymphocytes in the blood
  • often associated with susceptibility to infection
45
Q

anosmia

A

loss of or decrease in sense of smell

46
Q

anosmia

A

loss of or decrease in sense of smell

47
Q

lymphopenia

A
  • deficiency of lymphocytes in the blood
  • often associated with susceptibility to infection
48
Q

leukopenia

A
  • abnormal decrease of white blood cells usually below 5,000/mm3
  • causes include failure of bone marrow, many drugs, COVID-19
49
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain or muscle ache

50
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

change in blood pressure related to respiration

51
Q

chorea

A

involuntary dancing or writhing of a limb or of the facial muscles

52
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size, wasting away, or progressive decline of a body part or tissue

53
Q

drainage

A

seepage or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

54
Q

edema

A

accumulation of excess fluid, causing swelling in the cells, in interstitial spaces of tissues, or in potential spaces inside the body

55
Q

eschar

A

slough (hard crust or mass of dead tissue) produced by a thermal burn, a corrosive application, or gangrene

56
Q

exudate

A

material such as fluid with a high content of protein and cellular debris that has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation

57
Q

inflammation

A

protective response occurring in reaction to any type of bodily injury or destruction of tissues, characterized by redness and swelling and sometimes serous exudate

58
Q

pruritus

A

itching

59
Q

purulent

A

wound drainage that is yellow, green, or brown and a sign that infection is present

60
Q

stasis

A

stagnation (stopping) of the flow of body fluid, most commonly used to describe the impaired flow of blood back to the heart from the peripheral circulation (venous stasis)

61
Q

expectorate

A

to expel fluid or secretions from the mouth, throat, or lungs by coughing and/or spitting

62
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

63
Q

incontinence

A

involuntary release of urine from the bladder or feces via the anus

64
Q

smegma

A

thick, cheesy secretion that accumulates under the labia minora or the male foreskin

65
Q

smegma

A

thick, cheesy secretion that accumulates under the labia minora or the male foreskin

66
Q

flatus

A

gas or air from the stomach and/or intestines and expelled via the anus

67
Q

patency

A

state of being open or unobstructed

68
Q

arrhythmia

A

no heart rhythm

69
Q

dysrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

70
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

71
Q

aphasia

A
  • loss of speech
  • CVA, TBI can lead to damage in speech centers of brain
  • left/dominant side (motor speech/Broca’s area): difficulty finding the right word, speaking slowly or with difficulty, or complete loss of speech
  • receptive or sensory speech area: fluent speech, but pt. can’t understand what they hear
72
Q

jaundice

A
  • yellow in French
  • yellowing of skin and whites of eyes from backup of bile metabolic by-products from blood into tissues
  • can be caused by:
    • blockage of bile ducts
    • excessive breakdown of red blood cells; Hb is broken down and ends up in bile secretions
73
Q

urticaria

A
  • allergic reaction marked by multiple discrete wheals
  • intensely itchy and last up to 24 hr
74
Q

miosis

A

pupil constriction

75
Q

ataxia

A

defective muscular coordination, esp. when voluntary movements attempted

76
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

77
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar objects

78
Q

alexia

A

difficulty reading

79
Q

agraphia

A

difficulty writing

80
Q

hemiplegia

A

unilateral paralysis

81
Q

hemiparesis

A

unilateral weakness

82
Q

hemianopsia

A

loss of vision in one eye or part of visual field in both eyes

83
Q

anopsia

A

loss of vision

Nursing School: Terms and Abbreviations (15 decks)

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