ATI Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

airborne precautions

A
  • measures to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by pathogens propelled through the air on particles smaller than 5 µm in size to a susceptible person’s eyes, nose, or mouth
  • N95, negative-airflow room
  • pulmonary tuberculosis
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2
Q

antibody

A

protein the immune system produces to neutralize a threat of some kind: infecting organism, chemical, or some other foreign body

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3
Q

antimicrobial

A

able to destroy or suppress the growth of pathogens and other micro-organisms

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4
Q

antiseptic

A

substance that reduces the number of pathogens present on a surface

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5
Q

asepsis

A

methods used to make an environment is as pathogen-free as possible

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6
Q

aseptic

A

as pathogen-free as possible

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7
Q

bacteriostasis

A

inhibition of further bacterial growth

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8
Q

chlorhexidine

A
  • antibacterial compound with substantial residual activity
  • used as a liquid antiseptic and disinfectant
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9
Q

contact precautions

A
  • measures to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by the physical transfer of pathogens to a susceptible host’s body surface
  • gloves and gowns
  • MRSA, VRE, C diff (wash hands with soap and water after), wound infections, herpes simplex
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10
Q

contamination

A

the process of becoming unsterile or unclean

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11
Q

disinfectant

A

any chemical agent used to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful organisms

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12
Q

droplet precautions

A
  • measures to prevent spread of diseases by pathogens propelled through the air on particles larger than 5 µm to a susceptible person’s eyes, nose, or mouth
  • droplets travel 3-6 ft
  • surgical mask
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia and influenza
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13
Q

endemic

A

prevalent in or characteristic of a particular environment

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14
Q

endogenous

A

produced within an organism or system rather than externally caused

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15
Q

epidemic

A

extremely prevalent or widespread

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16
Q

exogenous

A

externally caused rather than produced within an organism or system

17
Q

flora

A

the aggregate of bacteria, fungi, and other micro-organisms normally found in a particular environment (i.e. gastrointestinal tract or skin)

18
Q

hyperendemic

A

at an especially high level of continued incidence in a population

19
Q

immunosuppression

A
  • inhibition of the body’s protective response to pathogenic invasion
  • usually a result of disease, drug therapy, or surgery
20
Q

infection

A

invasion and proliferation of pathogens in body tissues

21
Q

isolation

A

separation of an infected person from others for the period of communicability of a particular disease

22
Q

latex

A

a milky fluid produced by rubber trees that is processed into a variety of products, including gloves used for patient care

23
Q

medical asepsis

A

infection-control practices common in healthcare, such as basic handwashing

24
Q

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

a bacterial strain that has become resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, a form of penicillin

25
pathogen
any disease-producing agent, especially a virus, bacterium, or fungus
26
personal protective equipment (PPE)
devices used to protect employees from workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from biological, chemical, radiological, physical, electric, mechanical, or other workplace hazards
27
pneumococcal
pertaining to or caused by pneumococci, organisms of the species Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of pneumonia and other infectious diseases
28
retrovirus
any of a large group of RNA-based viruses that tend to infect immunocompromised individuals, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and many cancer-causing viruses
29
sepsis
the presence in blood or other tissues of pathogens or their toxins
30
standard precautions
* measures to prevent transmission of organisms * used for all patients in health care facilities regardless of diagnosis or infection status
31
staphylococcus
* a genus of gram-positive bacteria that are potential pathogens * cause local lesions and serious opportunistic infections
32
surgical asepsis
techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms, also called sterile technique
33
transmission-based precautions
* measures to prevent spread of diseases that are not blocked by standard precautions * airborne, droplet, and contact precautions
34
vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)
a bacterial strain that's resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin