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Medicine, Year 1, Block 1 (Foundations of Medicine) > Signalling in the Body > Flashcards

Signalling in the Body Flashcards

1
Q

State the three short-range signalling mechanisms

A

Intracrine
Autocrine
Juxtracrine

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2
Q

State the name given to the medium-range signalling mechanism

A

Paracrine

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3
Q

State the name given to the long-range signalling mechanism

A

Endocrine

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4
Q

How does direct communication occur between cells which are directly in contact?

A

Via gap junctions

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5
Q

Aside from endocrine signalling, what other long range signalling pathway is there?

A

Neurohormone pathway

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6
Q

Give five examples of neurotransmitters

A 
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
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7
Q

What is the difference between a nerve and a neurone?

A

A neurone is a nerve cell, and is a building block of the nervous system

A nerve is an enclosed bundle of axons

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8
Q

What are the three functional classes of neurones

A

Afferent neurones
Efferent neurones
Interneurones

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9
Q

What are the four structural classes of neuron

A

Multipolar
Bpolar
Unipolar
Pseudounipolar

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10
Q

What is a neuroglia? Give four examples of neuroglia

A

Neuroglia support cells of the nervous system, and examples include Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, Microglia

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11
Q

What layer of connective tissue surrounds an individual nerve fibre?

A

Endocneurium

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12
Q

What layer of connective tissue surrounds a bundle of nerve fibres?

A

Perineurium

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13
Q

What layer of connective tissue surrounds an individual NERVE?

A

Epineurium

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14
Q

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

The brainstem is divided into three segments - what are they?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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16
Q

What is cranial nerve 10?

A

Vagus

17
Q

What is cranial nerve 1?

A

Olfactory

18
Q

What is cranial nerve 2?

A

Optic

19
Q

What is cranial nerve 7?

A

Facial

20
Q

What is cranial nerve 3?

A

Oculomotor

21
Q

Rest and Digest, and Fight or Flight refers to which divisions of the nervous system?

A

Rest and Digest = Parasympathetic

Fight or flight = Sympathetic

22
Q

Describe what happens in Myasthenia Gravis

A

Auto-immune condition, whereby Antibodies againtst Acetylcholine receptors block binding of Ach postsynaptically

23
Q

What does Botox do, on an NMJ level

A

Prevent Acetylcholine vesicle docking pre-synaptically

24
Q

What does Curare do, on an NMJ level

A

Nicotonic acetylcholine receptor antagonist

25
Q

What are the two types of Neurotransmitter receptors?

A

Ionotropic (Ligand gated, faster)

Metabotropic (GPCR, slower)

Medicine, Year 1, Block 1 (Foundations of Medicine) (20 decks)

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