Infectious Agents and Body's Defence Mechanisms Flashcards
State the six major groups of infectious agents
Bacteria Fungi Viruses Prions Helminths Protozoa
Describe the key features of prions
Small (<100 nm) proteinaceous infectious particles, which lack a genome. Resistant to heat, disinfectants and irradiation. Non culturable and have slow replication. As they are host derived, there is a minimum immune response
State two conditions which prions are responsible for
BSE
vCJD
Give three examples of RNA based viruses
HIV
Mumps virus
Rotavirus
Give three examples of DNA base viruses
Herpes virus
Adenovirus
Warts virus
What is the ribosome size in Prokaryotes?
70S
What is the ribosome size in Eukaryotes?
80S
Compare the DNA arrangement in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes = no nucleus, single circular chromosome
Eukaryotes = nucleus, multiple chromosomes
Cell wall structure defines the two major classes of bacteria. How?
Gram positive Bacteria = Peptidoglycan
Gram negative Bacteria = Lipopolysacchararide
What is the name given to the site where replication begins in Bacteria? Which enzyme performs it?
Ori (Origin of replicaion), and DNA Polymerase
Even bacteria can have pathogens. What are they called, and what are they made up of?
Bacteriophage, and they may be DNA or RNA viruses
Give three examples of Protozoan parasitic diseases
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
The helminth parasites can be subdivided into three groups.. what are they?
Cestodes
Trematodes
Nematodes
Give 6 examples of innate forms of immunological defence
Skin Cilia Sebaceous gland secretions Mucus Stomach acid Lysozyme (tears)
How do phagocytes recognise pathogenic material for destruction?
PAMPs which bind to phagocytic PPRs
