Metabolism and Nutrition Flashcards
Oxidation of 1g of Glucose gives how many kcal?
4 kcal
Oxidation of 1g of Fat gives how many kcal?
9 kcal
What are the main four macronutrients?
Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
Dietary Fibre
Oxidation of 1g of Protein gives how many kcal?
4 kcal
Oxidation of 1g of Alcohol gives how many kcal?
7 kcal
Can the body store fats, glycogen, alcohol and protein?
Fats = Yes, infinitely Glycogen = Yes, finitely (100g liver, 350g muscle) Protein = No Alcohol = No
What is the maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule? What is the more realistic value however?
- and 32
During glycolysis of 1 glucose molecule, the net yield of ATP and NADH is..?
2 ATPs
2 NADH
What are the ten sub-products of glycolysis?
- Glucose
- Glucose-6-Phosphate
- Fructose-6-Phosphate
- Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate
- Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate + Dihydroxyacetonephophate
- Bisphosphoglycerate
- 3-Phosphoglycerate
- 2-Phosphoglycerate
- Phosphoenolpyruvate
- Pyruvate
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cell cytoplasm
Where does the TCA cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
Where does Oxidative Phosphorylation occur?
Mitochondrial membrane
During anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into..?
Lactate
What happens in the Cori cycle?
Lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in the muscles moves to the liver and is converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is metabolized back to lactate
What is beta oxidation?
Fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria to generate Acetyl CoA and enters the TCA cycle
Can fatty acids be converted directly into glucose / glycogen?
NO
Why does the Pentose Phosphate Pathway exist?
Provision of Pentose for DNA/RNA synthesis
Provides NADPH for fat synthesis
Why does ketogenesis occur?
- High rate of fatty acid oxidation in the liver
2. When carbohydrate metabolism is impaired
Some amino acids can be converted to glucose and some cannot. Which class of AAs can and which can’t?
Glucogenic AAs = yes
Ketogenic AAs = no
In plasma, the glucose levels for the starvation state is…?
3.5 mmol / L
