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Block 3 Week 1 Meg > Sievert: Digestive development > Flashcards

Sievert: Digestive development Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral folding creates two (blank) cavities in the developing embryo

A

coelemic

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2
Q

What do the mucosa and glands of the GI tract arise from? Where does the surrounding smooth muscle and connective tissue come from?

A

endoderm; splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm

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3
Q

What area of the gut maintains a ventral mesentary?

A

Foregut

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4
Q

Below the foregut, the coelemic sac is (blank)

A

continuous

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5
Q

Is there a ventral mesentary in the midgut or hindgut?

A

No

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6
Q

What organs does the ventral mesentary support?

A

Liver and gallbladder

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7
Q

Below the foregut area, the (blank) mesentery disappears so the two separate coelomic sacs become one

A

ventral

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8
Q

Structures that never have a mesentery are (blank) and those that lose their mesentery are (blank)

A

primarily retroperitoneal; secondarily retroperitoneal

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9
Q

Why is the falciform ligament important?

A

The umbilical vein travels alongside it and enters the liver

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10
Q

What is the artery that supplies the forefut? Midgut? Hindgut?

A

Foregut: celiac artery
Midgut: superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

What does the midgut include?

A

rest of duodenum to distal third of the transverse colon

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12
Q

The stomach undergoes a 90 degree rotation with the anterior surface turning to the (blank). This creates the (blank) curvature.

A

right; lesser

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13
Q

When the rotation to the right occurs, the (blank) mesentary gets pushed to the right.

A

ventral

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14
Q

Which surface of the stomach rotates to the left? What does this create?

A

posterior surface; the greater curvature

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15
Q

Because the greater curvature grows more rapidly than the lesser curvature, what must grow quickly to keep up? What does this expansion create?

A

dorsal mesentery; the greater omentum

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16
Q

As the greater omentum hangs down over the stomach, how many layers of mesentary has it become?

A

Four layers (two are folded over one another)

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17
Q

What is found between the liver and the gut?

A

Lesser omentum

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18
Q

The space behind the lesser omentum (known as the lesser sac) retains a small area of continuity with the greater sac through an opening known as the (blank)

A

epiploic foramen

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19
Q

What three buds are attached to the duodenum at the same place (on the ventral side)?

A

The liver, gallbladder, and ventral pancreatic buds

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20
Q

Differential growth and rotation in the wall of the duodenum moves the opening of the (blank) around to the dorsal surface

A

bile duct

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21
Q

Where does the largest pancreatic bud form?

A

On the dorsal side

22
Q

What happens to the ventral pancreatic bud?

A

It twists around the duodenum and “slams up” posterior to the dorsal pancreas

23
Q

The duct of the (blank) pancreas is the main duct although most of the tissue is from the (blank) pancreas

A

ventral; dorsal

24
Q

The common bile duct (which was on the ventral side) whips around with the main pancreatic duct and they come together where?

A

major duodenal papilla

25
Q

What happens to what is left of the dorsal pancreatic duct?

A

It becomes an “accessory”

26
Q

The twisting across the duodenum creates the potential for formation of what?

A

vulvulas

27
Q

What is considered the “axis” of the midgut as it begins to rotate?

A

the superior mesenteric artery

28
Q

What three things make up the caudal half of the loop of the midgut?

A

cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon

29
Q

Rotation in the midgut occurs in what direction if you are looking at the anterior surface of the fetus? How many degrees?

A

counterclockwise; 270 degrees

30
Q

During what week does the midgut begin to bulge out of the abdominal cavity? By what week does it return?

A

About the 5th week; 10th week

31
Q

Rotation of the midgut results in the fourth part of the duodenum getting trapped under the (blank).

A

SMA

32
Q

Rotation of the midgut causes the colon to frame the small bowel around the periphery and puts the (blank) in the lower right quadrant and the (blank) on the left side.

A

cecum; descending colon

33
Q

The (blank) undergoes differential growth back in the body and completes the final 90 degrees of rotation.

A

cecum

34
Q

Although the early rotation takes place outside of the fetus because of the rapid growth of the tube relative to the fetus, the final stages of rotation take place where?

A

in the abdominal cavity

35
Q

Why do we need the falciform ligament?

A

to support the umbilical vein, which runs along the abdominal wall and drains into the liver

36
Q

Any form of rotation of parts of the gut tube can be dangerous because of potential for disrupting the blood supply and causing (blank)

A

gangrene

37
Q

What is the condition in which the gut tube fails to reenter the body cavity, and is NOT covered with amnion?

A

gastroschisis

38
Q

Any rotation or movement of the gut that causes restriction of gut contents.

A

Vulvula

39
Q

What is the condition in which there is failure of the intestinal loops to return to the body cavity, but they ARE covered in amnion?

A

omphalocele

40
Q

Most common GI developmental abnormality?

A

ileal diverticulum

41
Q

Most common GI developmental abnormality, in which a small portion of the vitelline duct persists.

A

Meckel’s or ileal diverticulum

42
Q

In hindgut development, what is the significance of the pectinate line?

A

It separates the endoderm derivatives from the ectoderm derivatives

43
Q

What kind of innervation does the endodermal derivative of the hingut receive?

A

Autonomic nervous system sensory fibers; cannot send distinct pain information

44
Q

What kind of innervation does the ectodermal derivative of the hindgut receive?

A

Below pectinate line, cutaneous nerve innervation; it is extremely sensitive, which is why external hemorrhoids hurt

45
Q

What does the foregut become?

A

The stomach

46
Q

What is the blood supply to the foregut?

A

The celiac trunk (specifically the left gastric artery)

47
Q

What does the midgut become?

A

4th part of the duodenum to the left colic flexure

48
Q

What is the blood supply to the midgut?

A

The SMA

49
Q

What does the hindgut become?

A

The rest of the gut from the left colic flexure down

50
Q

What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

A

The IMA

51
Q

2 components of the ventral mesentery that remain in adults

A

falciform ligament

lesser omentum

52
Q

Structures that never have a mesentery are considered (blank), while those that lose their mesentery are considered (blank)

A

primarily retroperitoneal; secondarily retroperitoneal

Block 3 Week 1 Meg (17 decks)

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