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Block 3 Week 1 Meg > Highison: Oral Cavity and Esophagus > Flashcards

Highison: Oral Cavity and Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the oral cavity?

A

Tongue, teeth, major and minor salivary glands, and tonsils

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2
Q

Describe the oral cavity proper vs. the vestibule

A

The vestibule is the area along all sides of the mouth, while the oral cavity proper includes the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands

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3
Q

What three things line the oral cavity?

A
  1. masticatory mucosa on gingiva and hard palate
  2. lining mucosa everywhere else except tongue
  3. specialized mucosa of the tongue
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4
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the masticatory mucosa on the gingiva and hard palate?

A

Keratinized and parakeratinized stratified squamous

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5
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the lining mucosa found everywhere else except for the tongue?

A

Stratified squamous and parakeratinized stratified squamous

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6
Q

What does parakeratinized refer to?

A

Surface epithelium retain their nuclei

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7
Q

What types of cells make up enamel?

A

ameloblasts

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8
Q

What types of cells make up dentin?

A

odontoblasts

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9
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the vermillion?

A

Parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

What makes up the posterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

Lingual tonsil

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11
Q

What makes up the anterior 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

4 types of lingual papillae

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12
Q

Present on fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae

A

Taste buds

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13
Q

Where else are the taste buds found?

A

Also found on oral pharynx, soft palate, and posterior surface of the epiglottis

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14
Q

What is the anterior 2/3 (hard palate) made up of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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15
Q

What is the posterior 1/3 (soft palate) made up of?

A

Skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Largest of the salivary glands, serous secretion, 30% of saliva

A

Parotid gland

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17
Q

Mixed gland, primarily serous, 60% saliva

A

Submandibular gland

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18
Q

Mixed gland, primarily mucous, 10% saliva

A

Sublingual gland

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19
Q

How many major pairs of glands are there?

A

3

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20
Q

Cell types of the salivary glands

A
  1. serous and mucous cells
  2. myoepithelial cells
  3. plasma cells
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21
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there?

How many permanent teeth?

A

20; 32

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22
Q

What kind of epithelium is the vermillion made up of?

A

parakeratinized stratified squamous

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23
Q

These extend from the enamel of the tooth to the pulp.

A

dentinal tubules

24
Q

What are the four types of lingual papillae that make up the anterior 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A
  1. Filiform papillae
  2. Fungiform papillae
  3. Foliate papillae
  4. Circumvallate papillae
25
Q

Lack taste buds; their role is to increase friction between the tongue and food

A

filiform papillae

26
Q

Occur on the margin of the tongue

A

fungiform papillae

27
Q

Not abundant in the human tongue

A

foliate papillae

28
Q

Located in front of the V-shaped sulcus terminalas. Associated with Ebner’s glands

A

circumvallate papillae

29
Q

What is the lingual frenulum found?

A

Ventral surface of the tongue

30
Q

What are the stem cells called that regenerate the tongue?

A

Basal cells

31
Q

3 cell types found in taste buds

A

sensory cells
supporting cells
basal cells

32
Q

Where do major salivary glands empty into?

A

Oral cavity

33
Q

Where are minor salivary glands located?

A

In the submucosa of different parts or the oral cavity

34
Q

Anterior 2/3 of the roof of the mouth is the (blank) palate, which is made up of (blank) and (blank) epithelium

A

hard; bone; keratinized stratified squamous

35
Q

Posterior 1/3 of the roof of the mouth is the (blank) palate, which is made up of (blank) and contracts during swallowing to close off the (blank).

A

soft; skeletal muscle; nasopharynx

36
Q

The salivary glands are composed of (blank) and/or (blank) secretory cells arranged in tubules

A

serous or mucous

37
Q

Salivary glands secrete saliva through a series of intercalated, striated, and interlobular (blank)

A

ducts

38
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Moistens food
lubricates GI tract
Begins enzymatic digestion of carbs

39
Q

Salivary glands release (blank) and (blank) into the saliva

A

lysozyme and IgA

40
Q

How many liters of saliva are made per day?

A

1-1.5L

41
Q

How is salivary composition and osmolarity modulated?

A

By duct epithelium

42
Q

Modulation of salivary volume by parasympathetic vs sympathetic stimulation

A

Parasympathetic: increases volume
Sympathetic: decreases volume

43
Q

What kind of lymphatic tissue is found in the GI tract?

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

44
Q

Where are lymphatic nodules located?

A

In the submucosa/lamina propria

45
Q

What three things make up what is called the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue?

A
  1. Diffuse lymphatic tissue
  2. Lymphatic nodules
  3. Tonsils
46
Q

4 layers of the digestive tract

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Adventitia
47
Q

What is the plexus that separates the submucosa from the muscularis?

A

Meissner’s plexus

48
Q

What is the plexus that separates the two layers of the muscularis?

A

Myenteric plexus

49
Q

Two layers of the muscularis

A

Inner circular; outer longitudinal

50
Q

4 layers of mucosa

A 
EBLM
Epithelium
Basement membrane
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
51
Q

What is unique about the muscularis mucosae of the mucosa of the esophagus?

A

It has a single longitudinal layer

52
Q

What glands are found in the submucosa of the esophagus?

A

esophageal glands proper

53
Q

In the esophagus, there is (blank) above the diaphragm, and (blank) below the diaphragm

A

adventitia; serosa

54
Q

What type of muscle is the upper 1/3 of the esophagus? The middle 1/3? The lower 1/3?

A

Skeletal; both; smooth

55
Q

Tubuloacinar glands arranged in small lobules, drained by a single duct

A

Submucosal glands

56
Q

The inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscle in the upper portion of the esophagus are both (blank) muscle

A

Striated

Block 3 Week 1 Meg (17 decks)

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