Highison: Stomach

Question 1

Discuss the anatomy of the stomach.

Answer 1

Esophagus–>cardia–>fundus–>body–>pyloric antrum–>pyloric canal–>pylorus–>duodenum

Question 2

4 layers of the stomach

Answer 2

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

Question 3

3 layers of the mucosa

Answer 3

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

Question 4

What is unique about the epithelium of the mucosa?

Answer 4

Surface mucous lining cells

Question 5

What is found in the lamina propria of the mucosa?

Answer 5

smooth muscle
CT
gastric glands
lymphatic nodules

Question 6

3 layers of the muscularis mucosae

Answer 6

inner incomplete oblique mucosa
middle circular
outer longitudinal

Question 7

What is found in the submucosa?

Answer 7

blood vessels (submucosal plexus)

Question 8

3 layers of the muscularis externa

Answer 8

1. incomplete inner oblique
2. thick middle circular (forms pyloric sphincter)
3. outer longitudinal

Question 9

Functions of the stomach

Answer 9

acidifies and converts bolus into chyme

produces digestive enzymes pepsin, rennin, and gastric lipase and some hormones

Question 10

What are the longitudinal submucosal folds of the stomach called? What do these do?

Answer 10

Rugae; allow the stomach to distend when filled

Question 11

3 histological regions of the stomach and their glands

Answer 11

cardiac region: cardiac glands
fundus and body: gastric glands
pyloric region: pyloric glands

Question 12

What covers the gastric mucosa? What is the purpose of this?

Answer 12

a protective layer of mucus; protects the surface epithelium from mechanical erosion

Question 13

The surface of the stomach is covered by (blank) that open into gastric glands

Answer 13

gastric pits

Question 14

What type of cells line the stomach and continue into the gastric pits?

Answer 14

surface mucous cells

Question 15

Surface mucous lining cells produce thick insoluble mucous, which traps (blank). What does this trapped “thing” do?

Answer 15

Bicarbonate; helps neutralize some of the acid found in the stomach to neutralize pH

Question 16

5 cell types of the gastric gland

Answer 16

1. Mucus neck cells
2. Stem cells
3. Parietal cells
4. Chief cells
5. Enteroendocrine cells

Question 17

Which cells of the gastric gland secrete gastric intrinsic factor?

Answer 17

parietal cells

Question 18

What is a unique histological feature of parietal cells?

Answer 18

They have intracellular canaliculi lined by microvilli

Question 19

GIF is a glycoprotein which binds to which vitamin? AutoABs against GIF or lack of GIF can lead to this condition.

Answer 19

Vitamin B12; pernicious anemia

Question 20

T/F: we lose the ability to produce GIF with aging.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Chief cells secrete this enzyme and precursors to these two enzymes.

Answer 21

pepsinogen; rennin and lipase

Question 22

These cells are also referred to as APUD cells.
You must have a special stain to see them.
Produce endocrine, paracrine secretion.

Answer 22

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 23

Four parts of the gastric gland

Answer 23

pit, neck, upper region of the body, lower region of the body

Question 24

Surface mucous and mucous neck cells are replaced every (blank) days

Answer 24

3-6

Question 25

Gastric gland cells are replaced at a (blank) rate.
Parietal cells are replaced about every (blank) days.
Chief and enteroendocrine cells about every (blank) days.

Answer 25

slower; 150-200; 60-90

Question 26

Epithelium found in each region: cardiac, fundic and body, pyloric?

Answer 26

simple columnar

Question 27

Where are surface mucous cells found in each region: cardiac, fundic and body, pyloric?

Answer 27

cover entire luminal surface

Question 28

Chief cells in the following regions? Cardiac, fundic and body, pyloric?

Answer 28

No; yes; no

Question 29

Parietal cells in the following regions? Cardiac, fundic and body, pyloric?

Answer 29

Rare; abundant; few

Question 30

Enteroendocrine cells in the following regions? Cardiac, fundic and body, pyloric?

Answer 30

Rare; rare; rare

Question 31

Serosa in the following regions? Cardiac, fundic and body, pyloric?

Answer 31

yes; yes; yes

Question 32

In what layers of the stomach are the ruga found?

Answer 32

Gastric mucosa and submucosa

Question 33

The mucosal glands in this region of the stomach have wide, deep gastric pits with short, slightly coiled, simply tubular glands. Pits extend into less than half of mucosa.

Answer 33

Cardiac

Question 34

The mucosal glands in this region of the stomach have narrow, shallow pits with straight, branched tubular glands. Pits extend over half the thickness of mucosa.

Answer 34

Fundus and body

Question 35

The mucosal glands in this region of the stomach have wide, deep pits with coiled, branched, tubular glands. Pits extend over half the thickness of mucosa.

Answer 35

Pylorus

Question 36

What two things do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 36

HCl and gastric intrinsic factor

Question 37

Where does absorption of most of the B12 occur in the small intestine?

Answer 37

ileum

Question 38

What is B12 essential for? Why is this a problem in pernicious anemia?

Answer 38

RBC maturation; need more RBCs!

Question 39

What is abundant in parietal cells to generate ATP to pump H+?

Answer 39

mitochondria

Question 40

Surface muscous cells, which line the gastric pits of the stomach, produce two important things.

Answer 40

insoluble thick mucous

bicarbonate which gets trapped in the thick mucous

Question 41

Which region of the stomach has gastric glands with the deepest pits?

Answer 41

pylorus

Question 42

The pits found in the cardiac glands and the pyloric glands are both lined by (blank).

Answer 42

mucous-secreting cells