Nourani: Intro to the GI system

Question 1

3 phases of gastric acid secretion

Answer 1

1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase

Question 2

Mental process that results from sensing food and starts gastric secretion of pepsin and HCl

Answer 2

cephalic phase

Question 3

Driven by nutrients that directly stimulate the G cell to release Gastrin

Answer 3

gastric phase

Question 4

Gastrin stimulates this cell

Answer 4

parietal cell

Question 5

Main cells of the stomach

Answer 5

G cell
Parietal cell
Chief cell

Question 6

What do G cells secrete?

Answer 6

gastrin

Question 7

What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 7

HCl

Question 8

What do chief cells secrete?

Answer 8

pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 9

Protein digestion begins with this enzyme

Answer 9

pepsinogen

Question 10

What protects the stomach from digestion?

Answer 10

A mucus layer

Question 11

Chyme stimulates the duodenum to release these two enzymes which stimulate the pancreas and gallbladder to release bicarbonate, proteases, and bile

Answer 11

secretin, CCK

Question 12

Most digestion and absorption occurs here

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 13

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 14

Nutrients are absorbed into the (blank) if they are water soluble, and into the (blank) if they are fat soluble.

Answer 14

blood; lymph

Question 15

Little digestion occurs here

Answer 15

large intestine

Question 16

Things that occur in the large intestine

Answer 16

Water absorption
Bacteria break down fiber and produce Vit K
Feces formation

Question 17

Increase in the motility of the colon in response to stretch in the stomach

Answer 17

Gastro-colic reflex

Question 18

Four major organs that connect to the gut tube

Answer 18

1. salivary glands
2. liver
3. pancreas
4. gallbladder

Question 19

5th taste bud? What AA is being sensed?

Answer 19

umami; glutamate

Question 20

Two enzymes in saliva that begin digestion

Answer 20

Salivary amylase: starch breakdown

Salivary lipase: fat digestion (minimal)

Question 21

2 phases of swallowing: voluntary and autonomic

Answer 21

oropharyngeal phase (voluntary)
esophageal phase (autonomic)

Question 22

What does stomach acid do?

Answer 22

Activates digestive enzymes
Digestion of dietary protein
Assists in calcium absorption
Makes dietary minerals soluble for absorption