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Block 3 Week 1 Meg > Hulka: Liver, Pancreas, Spleen > Flashcards

Hulka: Liver, Pancreas, Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

Largest gland in the body

A

Liver

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2
Q

Functions of the liver

A

Glycogen stores
Produces bile
Protein production
Filter of enteric circulation

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3
Q

The liver has two surfaces

A

diaphragmatic

visceral

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4
Q

Superior, posterior and right lateral aspect of the liver that lay next to diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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5
Q

Part of the diaphragmatic liver, where the liver is in direct contact with the diaphragm

A

“Bare area” of liver, posterior liver

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6
Q

What vein runs through the bare area?

A

inferior vena cava

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7
Q

Inferior portion of the liver

A

visceral surface

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8
Q

What does the visceral surface of the liver lie upon?

A 
Anterior surface of the stomach
First and second portion of the duodenum
Gallbladder
Lesser omentum
Right colic flexure of colon
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9
Q

What is the fissure called in the center of the inferior liver?

A

Porta hepatis

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10
Q

What is contained in the porta hepatis?

A 
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Common bile duct
Lymphatics
Hepatic nerve plexus
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11
Q

How many definitive lobes does the liver have?

A

Two

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12
Q

What ligament separates the right lobe of the liver from the left?

A

Falciform ligament

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13
Q

What are the two smaller lobes within the right lobe of the liver?

A

Quadrate lobe

Caudate lobe

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14
Q

Which lobe lies between the gallbladder and the falciform ligament, inferior to the porta hepatis?

A

Quadrate

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15
Q

Which lobe lies between the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum venosum, superior to the porta?

A

Caudate

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16
Q

The falciform ligament develops from the (blank) and is attached to the (blank) abdominal wall.

A

umbilicus; anterior

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17
Q

The falciform ligament terminates in the bare area as what structure?

A

coronary ligament

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18
Q

Before birth, the falciform ligament contains what structure? What structure does this become after birth?

A

Umbilical vein

Ligamentum teres

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19
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A

Divides the liver into the left and right lobes

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20
Q

Where does the coronary ligament begin?

A

Begins at the superior aspect of the liver where the falciform ligament terminates

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21
Q

What is the left later aspect of the coronary ligament? What is the right lateral aspect of the coronary ligament?

A

Left triangular ligament; right triangular ligament

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22
Q

Where does the hepatogastric ligament begin and where does it end?

A

Hepatogastric ligament begins at the left triangular ligament and terminates in the lesser curvature of the stomach

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23
Q

What vessels and lymphatics does the hepatogastric ligament contain?

A

The left and right gastric arteries and veins, and the gastric lymphatics

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24
Q

What two ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal

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25
Q

Through what opening can you enter the lesser sac of the stomach?

A

Epiploic foramen

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26
Q

Where does the hepatoduodenal ligament begin and end?

A

It begins along the caudate lobe and terminates along the C loop of the duodenum

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27
Q

What lymphatics are contained in the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

peripancreatic lymphatics

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28
Q

What runs along the free edge of the lesser omentum?

A

the portal triad

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29
Q

What is contained in the portal triad?

A

Portal vein
Common bile duct
Proper hepatic artery

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30
Q

What three veins make up the portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric
Splenic

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31
Q

Two blood supplies to the liver

A 
Hepatic artery (30%)
Portal vein (70%)
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32
Q

This artery branches off of the celiac trunk and gives off gastroduodenal and right gastroepiploic brances, eventually becoming the proper hepatic artery

A

Common hepatic artery

33
Q

This artery ascends along the free edge of the lesser omentum as a part of the portal triad

A

Proper hepatic artery

34
Q

What does the proper hepatic artery branch into?

A

Right and left hepatic arteries

35
Q

What does the portal vein divide into?

A

Right and left portal vein

36
Q

How many superior hepatic veins are there? Where do they drain into?

A

Three: right, middle, and left

Drain into inferior vena cava

37
Q

The right, middle, and left superior hepatic veins drain which lobes of the liver?

A

Right: right
Middle: caudate
Left: left

38
Q

How many branches are there of the inferior hepatic veins? Where do they drain into?

A

6 to 18 branches

Inferior vena cava

39
Q

When removing the liver in a liver transplant, you take this entire vein

A

Inferior vena cava

40
Q

The superior and anterior portions of the liver drain to which nodes?

A

parasternal lymph nodes

41
Q

The inferior portion of the liver drains to the (blank) lymph nodes in the porta hepatis, and the (blank) lymph nodes in the lesser omentum.

A

hepatic; gastric

42
Q

Bile is made in the (blank) and drains through this system

A

liver; biliary system

43
Q

The common hepatic duct becomes the common bile duct after joining with this duct.

A

Cystic duct

44
Q

The common bile duct travels down into the head of the pancreas where it joins this duct

A

Pancreatic duct

45
Q

Where does the common bile duct drain? What sphincter is involved?

A

Into the second portion of the duodenum through the sphincter of Oddi

46
Q

Where is the gallbladder attached to the liver?

A

At the right lobe

47
Q

What are two functions of the gallbladder?

A

stores bile

drains when stomach stimulates it to empty via CCK

48
Q

Four portions of the gallbladder

A
  1. fundus
  2. body
  3. neck
  4. cystic duct
49
Q

This artery supplies the gallbladder. It arises from the right hepatic artery and has multiple variations in position in relation to the cystic duct

A

Cystic artery

50
Q

Where does the gallbladder drain its blood?

A

Into the portal vein or the liver directly

51
Q

What lymph node, found at the confluence of the cystic and common hepatic duct, drains the gallbladder?

A

cystic lymph node (Node of Cliquot)

52
Q

term used to describe a type of pain related to the gallbladder that occurs when a gallstone transiently obstructs the cystic duct and the gallbladder contracts.

A

Biliary colic

53
Q

Describe how the pancreas functions as an endocrine and exocrine gland.

A

Endocrine: secretes insulin/glucagon directly into bloodstream
Exocrine: secretes pancreatic enzymes into duodenum thru pancreatic duct

54
Q

lies in the retroperitoneum, behind the stomach in the lesser sac, over the spine

A

Pancreas

55
Q

Where does the tail of the pancreas end?

A

In the hilum of the spleen, left upper quadrant

56
Q

This portion of the pancreas lies within the C loop of the duodenum

A

Head of the pancreas

57
Q

Posteriorly, the head of the pancreas lies on these two vessels

A

IVC

right renal vessels

58
Q

The (blank) enters the head of the pancreas

A

Common bile duct

59
Q

Part of the head of the pancreas;

Lies inferior to the superior mesenteric vessels and rests against the aorta posteriorly

A

uncinate process

60
Q

Four portions of the pancreas

A

Head, Neck, Body, Tail

61
Q

The pancreas develops as two separate buds. Which bud becomes the main gland? Which bud forms the uncinate process?

A

The dorsal bud; vental bud

62
Q

In what part of the pancreas does the main pancreatic duct begin?

A

In the tail

63
Q

The main pancreatic duct joins with the common bile duct to form this

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

64
Q

Where does the main pancreatic duct drain? What sphincter is involved?

A

Into the duodenum through the Sphincter of Oddi

65
Q

This structure is usually connected to the main pancreatic duct

A

accessory pancreatic duct

66
Q

In what portion of the pancreas does pancreatic cancer usually develop? What are its symptoms?

A

head of the pancreas; back pain, jaundice, weight loss

67
Q

3 sources of blood supply to the pancreas (CGS)

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from the common hepatic artery)
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from the SMA)
dorsal pancreatic artery (from the splenic artery)

68
Q

Into which vein does most of the pancreas drain?

A

splenic vein

69
Q

Pancreas drains to three lymph nodes

A

Pancreaticosplenic (superiorly)
Pyloric (head)
Celiac (draining veins)

70
Q

Largest lymph tissue in the body

Functions to filter the blood of old red cells and clear antigens

A

Spleen

71
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Left upper abdomen, against the diaphragm, behind the stomach

72
Q

What ligament attaches the spleen to the stomach?

A

gastrolienal ligament

73
Q

What ligament attaches the spleen to the left kidney?

A

lienorenal ligament

74
Q

How many poles is the spleen divided into? What is the central portion of the spleen called?

A

2, superior and inferior; hilum

75
Q

What artery supplies the spleen? What is unique about this artery?

A

splenic artery; it is an end artery, no collateral circulation

76
Q

What vein drains the spleen? What vein does it meet up with to form the portal vein?

A

splenic vein; superior mesenteric

77
Q

Which lobe of the right liver is superior to the porta hepatis?

A

Caudate

78
Q

Trace the cystic artery of the gallbladder back to the aorta

A

Cystic artery–>right hepatic artery–>proper hepatic artery–>common hepatic artery–>celiac trunk–>aorta

79
Q

The common bile duct enters the (blank) of the pancreas, joins with the (blank) and then enters the (blank)

A

head; pancreatic; duodenum

Block 3 Week 1 Meg (17 decks)

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