Shoulder Region II

Question 1

What does the axioclavicular muscles consist of?

Answer 1

sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, subclavius

Question 2

What does the axioscapular muscles consist of?

Answer 2

middle trapezius, lower trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Question 3

Movements of the serratus anterior?

Answer 3

scapular protraction (abd), scapular upward rotation, scapular stabiliser (prevents winging of medial border)

Question 4

Movements of the upper trapezius?

Answer 4

scapular elevation, scapular retraction (add), scapular upward rotation

Question 5

Movements of the middle trapezius?

Answer 5

scapular retraction (add), scapular upward rotation

Question 6

Movements of the lower trapezius?

Answer 6

scapular depression, scapular retraction (add), scapular upward rotation

Question 7

Movements of the levator scapulae?

Answer 7

scapular elevation, scapular retraction (add), scapular downward rotation

Question 8

Movements of the rhomboid minor?

Answer 8

scapular elevation, scapular retraction (add), scapular downward rotation

Question 9

Movements of the rhomboid major?

Answer 9

scapular elevation, scapular retraction (add), scapular downward rotation

Question 10

What is and what can cause scapular medial winging?

Answer 10

Shoulder blade sticks out medially; muscle weakness of serratus anterior, rhomboids and trap muscles can cause it as well as nerve dysfunction (damage to long thoracic nerve, dorsal scapular nerve, spinal accessory nerve)

Question 11

Movements of the anterior deltoid?

Answer 11

flexion, abduction, horizontal flexion, medial rotation

Question 12

Movements of the middle deltoid?

Answer 12

abduction

Question 13

Movements of the posterior deltoid?

Answer 13

extension, adduction, horizontal extension, lateral rotation

Question 14

Movements of the supraspinatus?

Answer 14

medial line of action- joint compression, abductor

Question 15

Movements of the infraspinatus?

Answer 15

medial line of action- joint compression, superior portion- abducts, powerful lateral rotator of GHJ

Question 16

Movements of teres minor?

Answer 16

medial line of action- joint compression, assists lateral rotation (GHJ)

Question 17

Movements of subscapularis?

Answer 17

medial line of action- joint compression, superior portion abducts, powerful medial rotator GHJ

Question 18

What does the axiohumeral muscles consist of?

Answer 18

pec major and lat dorsi

Question 19

Movements of pec major? (all, clavicular head and sternal head)

Answer 19

all fibres- internal rotation, horizontal flexion; clavicular- flexion; sternal- extension, adduction

Question 20

Movements of lat dorsi?

Answer 20

extension, adduction and internal rotation

Question 21

What are the functions of the axioscapular and axioclavicular muscles?

Answer 21

• move and stabilise the pectoral girdle
• position the scapula and the clavicle and will result in movement of the Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) and the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ).

Question 22

What are muscle force couples?

Answer 22

equal and opposite forces action on two different points of a ridged body

Question 23

What happens due to the size of the head of humerus relative to the glenoid cavity?

Answer 23

because HOH is 3-4 times the size of the glenoid cavity, movements cannot result from pure rolling of joint surface, there must also be glide/ translation.