Diaphragm, Abdominal Wall and Pelvic Floor Flashcards
what are the boundaries of the abdominopelvic cavity? superiorly: ?? inferiorly: ?? posterior abdominal wall: ?? anterolateral abdominal wall: ?? anterior: ??
superiorly: diaphragm
inferiorly: pelvic floor
posterior abdominal wall: psoas major, quadratus lumborum
anterolateral abdominal wall: external oblique abdominals, internal oblique abdominals, transverse abdominis
anterior: rectus abdominis
what is the shape of the diaphragm?
dome shape with a central tendon
what are the attachments of the diaphragm?
L1, 2 + 3; lower 6 cartilages + ribs; superiorly= central tendon
what are the openings of the diaphragm?
inferior vena cava (T8), oesophagus (T10), descending aorta passes behind (T12)
what is the innervation of the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
what muscles are in the pelvic floor?
levator ani + coccygeus
what is the function of the pelvic floor?
support contents of the pelvic cavity
psoas major attachments?
- anterior = ?
- posterior = ?
- insert onto = ?
- anterior = from the vertebral bodies/ iv discs
- posterior = from the transverse processes
- insert onto = less trochanter of femur
what is the orientation, action and moment arm of the psoas major?
- vertical orientation ( + close to joint axis)
- action- primarily a hip flexor, also compression of lumbar spine
- small moment arms for flexor or extension
what are the attachments of quadratus lumborum?
12th rib, lumbar transverse processes, posterior iliac crest
what are the moment arms for quadratus lumborum?
- sagittal movements (F/E)= ??
- coronal movements (LF)= ??
- sagittal movements (F/E)= minimal
- coronal movements (LF)= large
what are the EMG activity for quadratus lumborum?
- active during flexion and extension activities
- active during axial loading activities
what is the innervation of quadratus lumborum?
thoracolumbar ventral rami
what are the attachments of rectus abdominis?
- superior attachment= ??
- inferior attachment= ??
- superior attachment= xyphoid process + adjacent rib cartilages
- inferior attachment= pubic crest + symphysis
what is the innervation of rectus abdominis?
T7-12 ventral rami
what is the action of rectus abdominis?
trunk flexion
what are the attachments + insertion of transverse abdominis?
- posterior attachment = ??
- superior attachment = ??
- inferior attachment = ??
- insertion = ??
- posterior attachment = thoracolumbar fascia
- superior attachment = internal aspect of lower ribs/cartilages
- inferior attachment = iliac crest and inguinal ligament
- insertion = linea alba (and lower fibres onto pubic crest)
what is the innervation of transverse abdominis?
T7-L1 ventral rami
what is the action of transverse abdominis?
increase IAP
what are the attachments of internal oblique abdominal?
- posterior attachment= ??
- superior attachment= ??
- inferior attachment= ??
- anterior attachment= ??
- posterior attachment= TLF
- superior attachment= lower 4 ribs and cartilages
- inferior attachment= anterolateral iliac crest, inguinal ligament
- anterior attachment= linea alba via aponeurosis
what is the innervation of internal oblique abdominal?
T7-L1 ventral rami
what is the action of internal oblique abdominal?
B= trunk flexion and increase IAP, U= ipsilateral rotation and LF
what are the attachments of external oblique abdominal?
- superior attachment= ??
- inferior attachment= ??
- superior attachment= external surface posterior lower 8 ribs
- inferior attachment= linea alba via aponeurosis and anterolateral iliac crest
what is the innervation of external oblique abdominal?
T7-12 ventral rami
what is the action of external oblique abdominal?
B= trunk flexion and increase IAP, U= contralateral rotation and ipsilateral LF
what is the arcuate line?
midline between umbilicus and pubic symphysis
what is upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath made up of?
- anterior= aponeuroses of ??
- posterior= aponeuroses of ??
- anterior= aponeuroses of: external oblique abdominal; 1/2 internal oblique
- posterior= aponeuroses of: 1/2 internal oblique, transverse abdominis
what does the lower 1/4 (below arcuate line) of the rectus sheath made up of?
- aponeuroses all anterior
- posterior= transversalis fascia
what does the anterior and middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia consist of?
- attach to: ??
- envelope: ??
- posterior attachment for: ??
- attach to: lumbar transverse processes
- envelope: quadratus lumborum
- posterior attachment for: transverse abdominis and internal oblique abdominal
what does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia consist of?
- attaches to: ??
- encloses: ??
- laterally fuses with: ??
- attaches to: T/L/S spinous processes
- encloses: erector spinae group
- laterally fuses with: middle layer
what does the thoracolumbar fascia blend with?
erector spinae aponeurosis (caudal tendons of longissimus thoracis PT and iliocostalis lumborum PT), latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus
how can muscles of the abdominopelvic cavity contribute to stability of the lumbar spine? (give explanation)
- ?
- ?
- ?
- increasing intra-abdominal pressure:
- belts around the abdomen and rib cage maximised the pressure increase
- increased IAP, extensor moment and increased the force required to flex the lumbar spine
- contributes to spinal stability - abdominal muscle co-contraction
- muscular co-contraction can ‘stiffen’ the vertebral motion segment
- contraction of the muscles that act across vertebral motion segments imposes compression across the joint -> makes it more difficult to move the joint “increases stability” - TLF (abdominopelvic muscle attachments
- extensive muscular attachments into the thoracolumbar fascia which, in turn, attach to lumbar transverse and spinous processes - possible contributions to motion segment stability
what are the 2 diaphragm function?
- respiration
2. trunk postural control
