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ANAT1019 Regional > Diaphragm, Abdominal Wall and Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Abdominal Wall and Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q 
what are the boundaries of the abdominopelvic cavity?
superiorly: ??
inferiorly: ??
posterior abdominal wall: ??
anterolateral abdominal wall: ??
anterior: ??
A

superiorly: diaphragm
inferiorly: pelvic floor
posterior abdominal wall: psoas major, quadratus lumborum
anterolateral abdominal wall: external oblique abdominals, internal oblique abdominals, transverse abdominis
anterior: rectus abdominis

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2
Q

what is the shape of the diaphragm?

A

dome shape with a central tendon

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3
Q

what are the attachments of the diaphragm?

A

L1, 2 + 3; lower 6 cartilages + ribs; superiorly= central tendon

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4
Q

what are the openings of the diaphragm?

A

inferior vena cava (T8), oesophagus (T10), descending aorta passes behind (T12)

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5
Q

what is the innervation of the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

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6
Q

what muscles are in the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani + coccygeus

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7
Q

what is the function of the pelvic floor?

A

support contents of the pelvic cavity

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8
Q

psoas major attachments?

  • anterior = ?
  • posterior = ?
  • insert onto = ?
A
  • anterior = from the vertebral bodies/ iv discs
  • posterior = from the transverse processes
  • insert onto = less trochanter of femur
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9
Q

what is the orientation, action and moment arm of the psoas major?

A
  • vertical orientation ( + close to joint axis)
  • action- primarily a hip flexor, also compression of lumbar spine
  • small moment arms for flexor or extension
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10
Q

what are the attachments of quadratus lumborum?

A

12th rib, lumbar transverse processes, posterior iliac crest

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11
Q

what are the moment arms for quadratus lumborum?

  • sagittal movements (F/E)= ??
  • coronal movements (LF)= ??
A
  • sagittal movements (F/E)= minimal

- coronal movements (LF)= large

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12
Q

what are the EMG activity for quadratus lumborum?

A
  • active during flexion and extension activities

- active during axial loading activities

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13
Q

what is the innervation of quadratus lumborum?

A

thoracolumbar ventral rami

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14
Q

what are the attachments of rectus abdominis?

  • superior attachment= ??
  • inferior attachment= ??
A
  • superior attachment= xyphoid process + adjacent rib cartilages
  • inferior attachment= pubic crest + symphysis
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15
Q

what is the innervation of rectus abdominis?

A

T7-12 ventral rami

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16
Q

what is the action of rectus abdominis?

A

trunk flexion

17
Q

what are the attachments + insertion of transverse abdominis?

  • posterior attachment = ??
  • superior attachment = ??
  • inferior attachment = ??
  • insertion = ??
A
  • posterior attachment = thoracolumbar fascia
  • superior attachment = internal aspect of lower ribs/cartilages
  • inferior attachment = iliac crest and inguinal ligament
  • insertion = linea alba (and lower fibres onto pubic crest)
18
Q

what is the innervation of transverse abdominis?

A

T7-L1 ventral rami

19
Q

what is the action of transverse abdominis?

A

increase IAP

20
Q

what are the attachments of internal oblique abdominal?

  • posterior attachment= ??
  • superior attachment= ??
  • inferior attachment= ??
  • anterior attachment= ??
A
  • posterior attachment= TLF
  • superior attachment= lower 4 ribs and cartilages
  • inferior attachment= anterolateral iliac crest, inguinal ligament
  • anterior attachment= linea alba via aponeurosis
21
Q

what is the innervation of internal oblique abdominal?

A

T7-L1 ventral rami

22
Q

what is the action of internal oblique abdominal?

A

B= trunk flexion and increase IAP, U= ipsilateral rotation and LF

23
Q

what are the attachments of external oblique abdominal?

  • superior attachment= ??
  • inferior attachment= ??
A
  • superior attachment= external surface posterior lower 8 ribs
  • inferior attachment= linea alba via aponeurosis and anterolateral iliac crest
24
Q

what is the innervation of external oblique abdominal?

A

T7-12 ventral rami

25
Q

what is the action of external oblique abdominal?

A

B= trunk flexion and increase IAP, U= contralateral rotation and ipsilateral LF

26
Q

what is the arcuate line?

A

midline between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

27
Q

what is upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath made up of?

  • anterior= aponeuroses of ??
  • posterior= aponeuroses of ??
A
  • anterior= aponeuroses of: external oblique abdominal; 1/2 internal oblique
  • posterior= aponeuroses of: 1/2 internal oblique, transverse abdominis
28
Q

what does the lower 1/4 (below arcuate line) of the rectus sheath made up of?

A
  • aponeuroses all anterior

- posterior= transversalis fascia

29
Q

what does the anterior and middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia consist of?

  • attach to: ??
  • envelope: ??
  • posterior attachment for: ??
A
  • attach to: lumbar transverse processes
  • envelope: quadratus lumborum
  • posterior attachment for: transverse abdominis and internal oblique abdominal
30
Q

what does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia consist of?

  • attaches to: ??
  • encloses: ??
  • laterally fuses with: ??
A
  • attaches to: T/L/S spinous processes
  • encloses: erector spinae group
  • laterally fuses with: middle layer
31
Q

what does the thoracolumbar fascia blend with?

A

erector spinae aponeurosis (caudal tendons of longissimus thoracis PT and iliocostalis lumborum PT), latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus

32
Q

how can muscles of the abdominopelvic cavity contribute to stability of the lumbar spine? (give explanation)

  1. ?
  2. ?
  3. ?
A
  1. increasing intra-abdominal pressure:
    - belts around the abdomen and rib cage maximised the pressure increase
    - increased IAP, extensor moment and increased the force required to flex the lumbar spine
    - contributes to spinal stability
  2. abdominal muscle co-contraction
    - muscular co-contraction can ‘stiffen’ the vertebral motion segment
    - contraction of the muscles that act across vertebral motion segments imposes compression across the joint -> makes it more difficult to move the joint “increases stability”
  3. TLF (abdominopelvic muscle attachments
    - extensive muscular attachments into the thoracolumbar fascia which, in turn, attach to lumbar transverse and spinous processes - possible contributions to motion segment stability
33
Q

what are the 2 diaphragm function?

A
  1. respiration

2. trunk postural control

ANAT1019 Regional (11 decks)

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