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PT 105 > Shoulder Girdle Ch 9 > Flashcards

Shoulder Girdle Ch 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the joints that make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic

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2
Q

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A 
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Humerus
Ribcage
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3
Q

Between which ribs does the scapula lay?

A

2nd-7th

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4
Q

How far is the medial border from the spinous processes of the vertebrea?

A

2 to 3 inches

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5
Q

Which vertebra line up w/ the spine of the scapula?

A

3rd & 4th throacic

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6
Q

Scapulothoracic Articulation

A

Structure-not a pure joint since the scapula and the thorax do not have points of fixation
Scapula does not move over the thorax area/rib cage of the thorax
Scapula/ thorax are not directly connected
Scapula/thorax is indirectly connected by the clavicle
Scapulothoracic articulation provides the motion and flexibility to the body

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7
Q

What movements can occur b/t the scapula & clavicle (Acromioclavicular joint & sternoclavicular joint)?

A

Elevation/Depression
Protraction/ Retraction
Upward/ Downward rotation

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8
Q

What movement can occur b/t the scapula & humerus (glenohumeral joint)

A

Flex/Ext/ Hyperextension
Abduction/Adduction
IR/ER

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9
Q

What is the top of the sternum called?

A

Manubrium

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10
Q

What is the sword shaped structure at the bottom of the sternum called?

A

Xiphoid process

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11
Q

What is the middle 2/3s of the sternum called?

A

Body

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12
Q

The body of the sternum serves as an attachment for which structures?

A

Costal cartilages of the ribs

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13
Q

The manubrium is an attachment point for what?

A

clavicle

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14
Q

What are the 4 structures found at the sternoclavicular joint

A 
Costoclavicular ligament (b/t rib & clavicle)
Interclavicular ligament (b/t the clavicles)
Sternoclavicular ligament (b/t the clavicle & sternum)
Articular disk (b/t sternal end of clavicle and manubrium & 1st coastal cartilage)
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15
Q

Articular Disk description

A

Double hinge function- swings a door open on both sides
Upper portion-attachment for the posterior-superior portion of the clavicle
Lower portion-attachment for the manubrium and first costal cartilage
Elevation-depression- motion occurs between the clavicle and disk
Protraction-retraction-motion occurs between the sternum and disk
Shock absorber especially from falls- outstretched hand
Strong structure-dislocations at the sternoclavicular joint are rare

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16
Q

AC joint

A

Plane-shaped synovial joint that is connected by the acromioclavicular ligament

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17
Q

AC Ligament

A

connects the acromion process of the scapula with the lateral end of the clavicle
Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments support the joint by holding the acromion against the capsule
Prevents dislocation of the clavicle

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18
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

accessory ligament of the acromioclavicular ligament
Allows the clavicle to be suspended from the scapula
Connects the superior surface of the scapula’s (coracoid process ) to the inferior surface and lateral end of the clavicle
Provides stability to the joint
Not directly located at the joint/ does not cross the AC joint
Limit backward motion of the scapula
Individually- limit scapula rotation
Forms a roof over the head of the humerus, protecting the head from upward forceful displacement

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19
Q

Arthrokinematics of the SC Joint

A

Elevation/depression-convex surface of the clavicle slides inferiorly and superiorly on the concave manubrium
During elevation/depression- clavicle’s lateral end moves up and down
Protraction/Retraction- concave surface of the clavicle slides anteriorly/posteriorly on a convex surface of the costal cartilage-ribs
During protraction/retraction- clavicle’s lateral end moves forward and backward
Rotation- clavicle spins on the sternum

20
Q

Arthrokinematics AC Joint

A

Acromion of the scapula is concave / lateral end of the clavicle is convex
Acromion slides in the same direction of the clavicle during scapular movements.
General Movements and Relationship:
Shoulder flexion/abduction-scapular upward rotation
Shoulder extension/adduction-scapular downward rotation

21
Q

During shoulder flexion what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

Upward rotation, protraction

22
Q

During shoulder extension what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

Downward rotation, retraction

23
Q

During shoulder hyperextension what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

Scapular tilt

24
Q

During shoulder abduction what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

upward rotation

25
Q

During shoulder adduction what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

downward rotation

26
Q

During shoulder IR what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

Protraction

27
Q

During shoulder ER what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

Retraction

28
Q

During shoulder horizontal ABduction what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

Retraction

29
Q

During shoulder horizontal ADduction what shoulder girdle movements must occur?

A

Protraction

30
Q

What describes the movement relationship b/t the shoulder girdle & shoulder joint?

A

scapulohumeral rhythm

31
Q

Describe the scapulohumeral rhythm during shoulder flexion and abduction

A

First 30 degrees of shoulder joint motion is pure shoulder joint motion
After the first 30 degrees of shoulder motion, then the scapular upwardly rotates.
The scapula rotates 1 degree for every 2 degrees of motion at the shoulder joint (2:1 ratio)
2:1 ratio- scapulohumeral rhythm
Example: shoulder abduction with heel of hand stabilizing the shoulder

32
Q

What is a 2:1 ratio of in scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

The scapula rotates 1 degree for every 2 degrees of motion at the shoulder joint

33
Q

What does the angle of pull determine?

A

whether the muscle functions as a primary mover or assists

34
Q

Diagonal line of pull

A

is the resultant force created by a vertical & horizontal force

35
Q

An increase in vertical pull on the scapula causes?

A

Elevation

36
Q

An increase in horizontal pull on the scapula causes?

A

Protraction

37
Q

Muscles that move the scapula

A 
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Levator scapula
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
38
Q

What muscle is covered by the trapezius, causes scapular elevation & downward rotation
and has a mostly vertical line of pull?

A

Levator scapula

39
Q

What muscle has a rectangular shape, lies underneath the trapezius, has an oblique line of pull that causes scapular retraction, elevation, and downward rotation?

A

Rhomboids

40
Q

What muscle force couples w/ the trapezius to produce upward rotation of the scapula and has a nearly horizontal direction of pull?

A

Serratus anterior

41
Q

What is the only shoulder girdle muscle that lies anterior to the scapula wall, attaches to the coracoid process, and causes scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation & scapular tilt?

A

Pectoralis minor

42
Q

What term describe muscles that pull in different directions to accomplish the same motion?

A

Force couples

43
Q

Give examples of force couples

A

Deltoid/Rotator Cuff muscles to produce shoulder abduction
Trapezius/Serratus Anterior produces scapula upward rotation
Levator Scapula/ Rhomboids/Pectoralis minor producing downward rotation of the scapula

44
Q

What motion occurs when the upper trap pulls upward, lower trap pulls downward, and the serratus anterior pulls outward?

A

Scapular upward rotation

45
Q

Describe scapular downward rotation?

A

Pectoralis minor pulling downward
Rhomboids pulling inward
Levator scapula pulling upward

PT 105 (16 decks)

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