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PT 105 > Muscular System Ch 5 > Flashcards

Muscular System Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name to describe the distal attachment?

A

Insertion

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2
Q

What is another name to describe the proximal attachment?

A

Origin

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3
Q

What is the term for the situation in which a muscle contracts until it can contract no farther even through more joint range of motion is possible?

A

Active insufficiency

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4
Q

Is walking downhill a concentric or eccentric contraction of your quadriceps muscle?

A

Eccentric

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5
Q

Identify the following in terms of open or closed kinetic chain exercises?
A. Wheelchair push ups?
B. Exercises with weight cuffs?
C. Overhead wall pulleys?

A

Wheelchair push ups = closed
Exercises with weight cuffs = open
Overhead wall pulleys = open

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6
Q

What position would a person have to be in to perform shoulder abduction and adduction in a gravity eliminated position?

A

Supine or prone lying

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7
Q

The rectus femoris flexes the hip and extends the knee. The vastus medialis extends only the knee. In what position must the hip and knee be place to be able to stretch the vastus medialis?

A

Hip flexed to place the rectus femoris on slack w/ the knee flexed

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8
Q

If you wanted a muscle to lift a very strong load, what muscle fiber arrangement would you want?

A

Oblique

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9
Q

If you wanted a muscle to contract through a very great range, what muscle fiber arrangement would you want?

A

Parallel

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10
Q

Describe parallel muscle?

A

Longer muscle fibers w/ greater ROM potential

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11
Q

Describe oblique muscle?

A

Shorter muscle fibers
Greater strength potential
Smaller ROM
More numerous per given area than parallel fibers

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12
Q

What shapes can parallel fibered muscles be?

A

Strap
Fusiform
Rhombodial (rectangular)
Triangular

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13
Q

Describe the characteristics of a strap shaped muscles? Give examples of some?

A

Long and thin with fibers running the length of the muscle

ie- sartorius, rectus abdominis, SCM

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14
Q

Describe the characteristics of a fusiform shaped muscles? Give examples of some?

A

Wider in the middle and tapers are both ends where it attaches to the tendon
Most but not all fibers run the length of the muscle
Can be long or short, large or small
ie- biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis

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15
Q

Describe the characteristics of a rhomboidal shaped muscles? Give examples of some?

A

Four sided, usually flat w/ broad attachment at each end

ie- pronator quadratus, rhomboids, gluteus maxius

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16
Q

Describe the characteristics of a triangular shaped muscles? Give examples of some?

A

Flat and fan shaped w/ fibers from a narrow attachment to one end to a broad attachment at the other
ie- pec major

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17
Q

Describe the characteristics of a unipennate shaped muscles? Give examples of some?

A

One sided feather
A series of short fibers attaching diagonally along a central tendon
ie- semimembranous, tibialis posterior, flexor pollicis longus of hand

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18
Q

Describe the characteristics of a bipennate shaped muscles? Give examples of some?

A

A feather
Fibers area obliquely attached to both sides of a central tendon
ie- rectus femoris and interossei

19
Q

Describe the characteristics of a multipennate shaped muscles? Give examples of some?

A

Have many tendons w/ oblique fibers in between

ie- deltoid and subscapularis muscles

20
Q

What refers to the force built up within a muscle?

A

Tension

21
Q

What is the length of a muscle when it is unstimulated?

A

Normal resting length

22
Q

What is irritability?

A

The ability to respond to a stimulus

23
Q

This is the muscle’s ability to shorten or contract when it receives adequate stimulation?

A

Contractility

24
Q

What is the muscles ability to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied?

A

Extensibility

25
Q

What is elasticity?

A

The muscle’s ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when the stretching or shortening force is removed

26
Q

What is slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times?

A

Tone

27
Q

Name the term that describes the distance from maximum elongation to maximum shortening?

A

Excursion

28
Q

When is a muscle at its strongest?

A

When it is put on stretch prior to contracting

29
Q

When does passive insufficiency occur?

A

Occurs when a muscle can not be elongated any farther without damage to its fibers

30
Q

Which type of contraction occurs when a muscle contracts and the muscle length and joint angle changes?

A

Isotonic contraction

31
Q

Which type of contraction occurs when there is joint motion but the muscle appears to lengthen?

A

Eccentric contraction

32
Q

Which type of contraction occurs when a muscle contracts producing force without changing the length of muscle?

A

Isometric contraction

33
Q

Which type of contraction occurs when there is a joint movement , the muscles shorten and the muscle attachments move towards each other?

A

Concentric contraction

34
Q

Describe an isokinetic contraction?

A

Resistance varies, if the person pushes harder the machine will give more resistance
Speed is preset and stays the same
ie- cybex orthotron machine is used to produce isokinetic contractions

35
Q

What is a muscle or muscle group that causes the motion? What else could it be referred to as

A

agonist

prime mover

36
Q

What is a co-contraction?

A

When the antagonist contracts at the same time as the agonist
Provides joint stabilization during normal movement

37
Q

What is a muscle that assists in providing motion?

A

Assisting mover

38
Q

What is an antagonist? Give an example?

A

A muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist

Elbow flexion: triceps = antagonist/ biceps = agonist

39
Q

What is a stabilizer? Give an example?

A

A muscle or muscle group that supports a part and allows the agonist to work more efficiently.
ie- in a push-up
Agonist = elbow extensor muscles
Stabilizers = abdominal muscles keep the trunk straight while the arms move the trunk up and down

40
Q

What is a neutralizer?

A

If a muscle can do two or more actions but only one is wanted a neutralizer contracts to prevent unwanted motions

41
Q

Give an example of a neutralizer?

A

Biceps can FLEX elbow and SUPINATE the forearm, if elbow flexion is wanted, to rule out the supination motion, the pronator teres muscle contracts to counter act supination

42
Q

What is a muscle that works with one or more other muscles to enhance a particular motion?

A

Synergist

43
Q

What is a closed kinetic chain?

A

Distal segment is fixed (closed) and proximal segment moves
Closed chain exercises work multiple joints and multiple muscle groups at once
ie- push ups, , pull-ups, rowing machine, stationary bike, and stair stepper, mini squats, wall slides, lunges

44
Q

What is a open kinetic chain?

A

Distal segment is free to move while the proximal segment is fixed
These types of movements tend to isolate a single muscle group and a single joint
ie- seated knee extension or flexion, dumbbell chest press, bicep curls

PT 105 (16 decks)

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