Elbow Joint Ch 11 Flashcards
What bones make up the elbow joint?
Humerus, Radius and ulna
How many axes exist in the elbow and forearm?
Elbow = 1 Forearm = 2
What type of joint occurs at the elbow and forearm?
Elbow = hinge Forearm = Pivot
What are the joint motions allowed by the elbow and forearm?
Elbow = flex/ext Forearm = supination/pronation
Name the ligaments that stabilize the lateral side of the elbow?
Lateral collateral ligament
Name the ligament that stabilizes the medial side of the elbow?
Medial collateral ligament
Name the ligament that stabilizes the radius and allows it to rotate?
Annular ligament
Which muscles of the elbow and forearm are two joint muscles?
Biceps brachii and long head of the triceps
What muscles are the prime movers during elbow flexion?
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator Teres (assists)
What muscles are the prime movers during elbow extension?
Triceps
Anconeus (synergist)
What muscles are the prime movers during forearm pronation?
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
What muscles are the prime movers during forearm supination?
Biceps brachii
Supinator (synergist)
Which muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle?
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Which muscles attach to the medial epicondyle?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Which muscles of the elbow and/or forearm are two joint muscles?
Biceps brachii and long head of the triceps
To which bone must a muscle attach to do forearm pronation and supination?
Radius
the radius moves around the ulna to produce those motions
Which elbow or forearm muscles do not attach to the humerus?
Pronator quadratus, biceps, and long head of the triceps
Which muscles connect the scapula to the ulna and/or radius?
Biceps to the radius
Long head of the triceps to the ulna
Which muscles connect the humerus and ulna?
Anconeus, triceps, and brachialis
What is the only part of the triceps that crosses the shoulder joint?
Long head of the triceps
What positions would you put the UE in to achieve active insufficiency of the biceps?
Shoulder flexion
Elbow flexion
Forearm supination
What positions would you put the UE in to achieve passive insufficiency of the biceps?
Shoulder hyperextension
Elbow extension
Forearm pronation
In a closed chain activity, does the humeral joint surface move in the same or opposite direction as the forearm?
Same direction
Touching the lateral forearm is touching what muscle?
Brachioradialis
Placing a dinner plate in an upper kitchen cabinet involve what elbow and forearm motions?
Elbow extension
Forearm supination
Putting a piece of chocolate in your mouth involve what elbow and forearm motions?
Elbow flexion
Forearm supination
Hyperextension
Movement that goes beyond the normal anatomical joint position of extension
Females usually have more range then men
15 degrees is an acceptable range
Supination end feel
firm secondary to the muscle and ligament tension (soft tissue stretch)
Pronation end feel
hard (bony) due to the contact between the radius and ulna
Elbow Flexion end feel
Soft because soft tissue and muscle (arm and forearm muscles compresses together to limit movement (soft tissue approximation)
Elbow extension end feel
Hard (bony) because the olecranon process of the ulna moves into the olecranon fossa of the humerus (bony end-feel)
Elbow articulations
Humerus-two distal concave ends
Trochlear articulates with the ulna
Capitulum articulates with the radius
Open-chain: Concave-Convex Rule Application
Concave radial & ulna surfaces slide/glide on on the humerus in the same directions
Radioulnar joints
Uniaxial pivot joint
Motion: pronation/supination
Radius moves around ulna
Head of the radius pivots within the radial notch of the ulna
Carrying angle
longitudinal axes of the humerus and forearm form this angle.
- Angle exists because the humerus is not leveled.
- Medial side of the humerus ( trochlear) is lower than the lateral side (capitulum).
- Radius and ulna articulate around the trochlear and capitulum of the humerus
Carrying angle: Male vs Female
Larger in females
Between 10 and 15 degrees
Male 5 degrees
Function of carrying angle
Hand to mouth activities
Feeding
ADL Care
Bones and Landmarks: Scapula
Infraglenoid tubercle- attachment of the Long head of the triceps brachii
Supraglenoid tubercle- Attachment of the Long head of the biceps
Coracoid process-Attachment of the short head of the biceps
Landmarks on the radius
Head of the radius-articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
Radial tuberosity-Attachment for the short head of the biceps brachi
Styloid process-Attachment for the Brachioradialis
Interossesous membrane
Located between radius and ulna
Holds the radioulnar joint together with the Annular ligament
Prevents the radius and ulna from separating; and increases surface area for muscle attachments of the forearm and wrists
Tennis elbow
Lateral epicondylitis-overuse syndrome
Inflammation at the extensor tendon and attachment at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Muscles affected: Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis, extensor digitorum, and extensor carpi ulnaris
Golfer’s elbow
Medial epicondylitis overuse syndrome
Inflammation at the flexor tendons with attachment to the medial epicondyle
Tenderness and pain on the medial epicondyle with wrist flexion resistence
