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PT 105 > Elbow Joint Ch 11 > Flashcards

Elbow Joint Ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the elbow joint?

A

Humerus, Radius and ulna

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2
Q

How many axes exist in the elbow and forearm?

A 
Elbow = 1
Forearm = 2
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3
Q

What type of joint occurs at the elbow and forearm?

A 
Elbow =  hinge
Forearm = Pivot
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4
Q

What are the joint motions allowed by the elbow and forearm?

A 
Elbow = flex/ext
Forearm = supination/pronation
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5
Q

Name the ligaments that stabilize the lateral side of the elbow?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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6
Q

Name the ligament that stabilizes the medial side of the elbow?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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7
Q

Name the ligament that stabilizes the radius and allows it to rotate?

A

Annular ligament

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8
Q

Which muscles of the elbow and forearm are two joint muscles?

A

Biceps brachii and long head of the triceps

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9
Q

What muscles are the prime movers during elbow flexion?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator Teres (assists)

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10
Q

What muscles are the prime movers during elbow extension?

A

Triceps

Anconeus (synergist)

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11
Q

What muscles are the prime movers during forearm pronation?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

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12
Q

What muscles are the prime movers during forearm supination?

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator (synergist)

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13
Q

Which muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle?

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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14
Q

Which muscles attach to the medial epicondyle?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis

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15
Q

Which muscles of the elbow and/or forearm are two joint muscles?

A

Biceps brachii and long head of the triceps

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16
Q

To which bone must a muscle attach to do forearm pronation and supination?

A

Radius

the radius moves around the ulna to produce those motions

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17
Q

Which elbow or forearm muscles do not attach to the humerus?

A

Pronator quadratus, biceps, and long head of the triceps

18
Q

Which muscles connect the scapula to the ulna and/or radius?

A

Biceps to the radius

Long head of the triceps to the ulna

19
Q

Which muscles connect the humerus and ulna?

A

Anconeus, triceps, and brachialis

20
Q

What is the only part of the triceps that crosses the shoulder joint?

A

Long head of the triceps

21
Q

What positions would you put the UE in to achieve active insufficiency of the biceps?

A

Shoulder flexion
Elbow flexion
Forearm supination

22
Q

What positions would you put the UE in to achieve passive insufficiency of the biceps?

A

Shoulder hyperextension
Elbow extension
Forearm pronation

23
Q

In a closed chain activity, does the humeral joint surface move in the same or opposite direction as the forearm?

A

Same direction

24
Q

Touching the lateral forearm is touching what muscle?

A

Brachioradialis

25
Q

Placing a dinner plate in an upper kitchen cabinet involve what elbow and forearm motions?

A

Elbow extension

Forearm supination

26
Q

Putting a piece of chocolate in your mouth involve what elbow and forearm motions?

A

Elbow flexion

Forearm supination

27
Q

Hyperextension

A

Movement that goes beyond the normal anatomical joint position of extension
Females usually have more range then men
15 degrees is an acceptable range

28
Q

Supination end feel

A

firm secondary to the muscle and ligament tension (soft tissue stretch)

29
Q

Pronation end feel

A

hard (bony) due to the contact between the radius and ulna

30
Q

Elbow Flexion end feel

A

Soft because soft tissue and muscle (arm and forearm muscles compresses together to limit movement (soft tissue approximation)

31
Q

Elbow extension end feel

A

Hard (bony) because the olecranon process of the ulna moves into the olecranon fossa of the humerus (bony end-feel)

32
Q

Elbow articulations

A

Humerus-two distal concave ends
Trochlear articulates with the ulna
Capitulum articulates with the radius
Open-chain: Concave-Convex Rule Application
Concave radial & ulna surfaces slide/glide on on the humerus in the same directions

33
Q

Radioulnar joints

A

Uniaxial pivot joint
Motion: pronation/supination
Radius moves around ulna
Head of the radius pivots within the radial notch of the ulna

34
Q

Carrying angle

A

longitudinal axes of the humerus and forearm form this angle.

  1. Angle exists because the humerus is not leveled.
  2. Medial side of the humerus ( trochlear) is lower than the lateral side (capitulum).
  3. Radius and ulna articulate around the trochlear and capitulum of the humerus
35
Q

Carrying angle: Male vs Female

A

Larger in females
Between 10 and 15 degrees
Male 5 degrees

36
Q

Function of carrying angle

A

Hand to mouth activities
Feeding
ADL Care

37
Q

Bones and Landmarks: Scapula

A

Infraglenoid tubercle- attachment of the Long head of the triceps brachii
Supraglenoid tubercle- Attachment of the Long head of the biceps
Coracoid process-Attachment of the short head of the biceps

38
Q

Landmarks on the radius

A

Head of the radius-articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
Radial tuberosity-Attachment for the short head of the biceps brachi
Styloid process-Attachment for the Brachioradialis

39
Q

Interossesous membrane

A

Located between radius and ulna
Holds the radioulnar joint together with the Annular ligament
Prevents the radius and ulna from separating; and increases surface area for muscle attachments of the forearm and wrists

40
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Lateral epicondylitis-overuse syndrome
Inflammation at the extensor tendon and attachment at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Muscles affected: Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis, extensor digitorum, and extensor carpi ulnaris

41
Q

Golfer’s elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis overuse syndrome
Inflammation at the flexor tendons with attachment to the medial epicondyle
Tenderness and pain on the medial epicondyle with wrist flexion resistence

PT 105 (16 decks)

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