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Advanced Anatomy > Shoulder Anatomy > Flashcards

Shoulder Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The Shoulder Joint

A

Glenohumeral (glenoid fossa and humeral head)- Ball in socket

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2
Q

The Shoulder Girdle

A
  • Acromioclavicular Joint (gliding joint)
  • Sternoclavicular Joint (saddle joint)
  • Scapulothoracic Interface (no classified as a joint but the movement is vitally important for normal shoulder joint motion
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3
Q

Shoulder Capsule

A
  • Capsule is ~2x larger than the humeral head

- Inferior portion is the weakest

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4
Q

Clavicle

A
  • Lateral 1/3 is flattened and concave anteriorly, increasing its resilience
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5
Q

Clavicle

A 
Elevation/Depression
- Elevation: 45
- Depression: 5-15
Protraction/Retraction
- 15
Rotation
- 30-45 (posterior only- the only time it does anterior rot. is to return to resting position)
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6
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

Capsular Reinforced

  • Superiorly by interclavicular ligament
  • A/P and inferiorly by the A/P sternoclavicular ligament
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7
Q

Costoclavicular Ligament

A
  • Attaches clavicle to 1st rib
  • Restricts movement of the medial and of the clavicle (any movement of the clavicle, except inferior, tightens its fibers)
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8
Q

Acromioclavicular Ligament

A
  • Weak capsule
  • Reinforced superiorly by aponeurotic fibers of traps and deltoid
  • Controls horizontal stability
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9
Q

Coracoclavicular Ligament

A
  • Conoid = medial
  • Trapezoid = lateral
  • Contributes to vertical and horizontal stability
  • Assist in transmission of compression from scapula to clavicle
  • Also functions to produce longitudinal rotation in clavicle during elevation
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10
Q

AC Joint Seperation

A

3 Grades

  • 1: damage to AC joint capsule and ligament
  • 2: joint capsule and trapezoid ligament
  • 3: joint capsule, trapezoid and conoid ligament damage
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11
Q

Coracoacromial Arch

A
  • Prevents superior dislocation

- Arch includes the anterior acromion, coracoacromial ligament and coracoid process

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12
Q

Capsular Ligaments

A
  • 3 ligaments help support the anterior capsule
  • Superior, Middle, and Inferior glenohumeral ligaments
  • IGHL has 2 bands
  • Inferior band has to give out for a dislocation to occur
  • 3/4 bands are anterior and help limit ER and create more anterior stability
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13
Q

SGHL Ligament Function

A

Helps resist inferior translation when the arm is hanging or adducted

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14
Q

MGHL Ligament Function

A

Some help with inferior translation when arm is adducted. Helps resist anterior translation (maximal effect at about 45 degrees abduction)

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15
Q

IGHL Ligament Function

A

Anterior stabilization with arm in 90 degrees abduction. Tighten when the arm is abducted and externally rotated and cradle inferior head. This is theorized to also add to the posterior/superior shift of the humeral head in throwing

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16
Q

Shoulder Bursae

A
  • Subacromial and subdeltoid are the most referenced and critical bursae
  • Usually not distinct from one another
17
Q

What is the labrum?

A
  • A fibrocartilaginous rim that helps to deepen the glenoid
  • Almost triangular in shape
  • Bottom portion is firmly attached to underlying bone
  • Top portion is loosely connected
  • Superior portion is attached to the biceps tendon (long head)
18
Q

Glenoid Labrum Depth

A
  • Increases depth to 5 mm A/P, 9 mm S/I

- Depth is only 2.5 mm w/out labrum

19
Q

Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint

A
  • Deltoid
  • Supra/Infraspinatus
  • Teres Major/Minor
  • Pectoralis Major
  • Subscapularis
  • Long head of Biceps and Triceps
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Latissimus Dorsi (when shoulder is fully flexed)
20
Q

Muscles attaching to Scapula

A
  • Deltoid
  • Trapezius
  • Supra/Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor/Major
  • Subscapularis
  • Serratus Anterior
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Rhomboids
  • Pectoralis Minor
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps (both heads)
  • Long head of Triceps
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Inferior belly of Omohyoid
21
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus: Abduction
  • Infraspinatus: ER
  • Teres Minor: ER
  • Subscapularis: IR
22
Q

Insertions for Rotator Cuff Muscles

A
  • Greater Tubercle of the Humerus: S.I.T. (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor)
  • Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus: Subscapularis

Advanced Anatomy (25 decks)

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