Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

General Function of the Nervous System

A
  • Sensory Input
  • Integration Function
  • Motor Function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sensory Input

A

Input from peripheral receptors (some conscious, some subconscious)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Integration Function

A

Taking all sensory input and integrating with memory, learning, and grading of response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Motor Function

A

Similar to #2, but many motor movements are also involuntary (subconscious– i.e. mutliple cerebellar tracts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

The peripheral nervous system includes all of the parts of the nervous system that are not encased in the vertebral column or the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the spinal region?

A

The spinal region includes all parts of the nervous system encased in the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

The brain stem connects the spinal cord with the cerebral region. It also includes the cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up the cerebrum?

A

The diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most massive part of the brain?

A

The most massive part of the brain is the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A
  • Central Nervous System
    - Brain
    - Spinal Cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System
    - Sensory (afferent)
    - Motor (efferent)
    - Somatic
    - Autonomic
    - Sympathetic
    - Parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nerve roots of the PNS

A
  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves
    - 8 Cervical
    - 12 Thoracic
    - 5 Lumbar
    - 5 Sacral
    - 1 Coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

see other deck by the same name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of brain matter is inside/outside?

A 
Spinal Cord
- Gray matter is inside
- White matter is outside
Brain
- White  matter is inside
- Gray matter is outside
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spinal Nerves

A
  • Formed by the union of both dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots/ramii
  • Spinal Nerve roots are mixed (motor and sensory)
  • Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) on dorsal root where cell bodies of sensory neurons are located
  • Communicantes conduct signals between the spinal cord and the sympathetic ganglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cervical Spinal Nerves

A
  • First pair leaves between the occipital bone and the atlas (C1)– called the suboccipital nerve
  • C2-C7 emerge above the vertebrae for which it is named.
  • C8 emerges between C7 and T1
  • All others emerge below the vertebrae for which they are named
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Plexus Makeup

A 
Cervical plexus
- C1 to C4
Brachial plexus
- C5 to T1
Lumbar plexus
- T12 to L4
Sacral plexus
- L4 to S2
17
Q

Cervical Plexus

A
  • Formed from the ventral rami of the 1st 4 cervical nerves
  • Supplies muscles and skin of the neck and upper shoulder
  • Partial innervation of the diaphragm (C3-C5)
18
Q

Brachial Plexus

A
  • Formed from the ventral rami of the last 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the 1st thoracic (T1).
  • Can be divided into various roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and nerves
19
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A
  • Formed from the ventral rami of the first 4 lumbar and some fibers of the last thoracic nerve
  • Supplies the lower abdomen and the anterior and medial portions of the lower extremity
20
Q

Saphenous Nerve

A
  • Largest and longest femoral cutaneous branch.
  • Passes deep to the sartorius with femoral artery, in adductor canal
  • Accompanies the saphenous vein once it pierces the fascia between the sartorius and gracilis.
  • Leaves the adductor canal above the knee (infrapatellar branch) and then continues down the medial lower leg.
21
Q

Results of Nerve Damage

A
  • Ulnar Nerve –> Claw hand (ulnar nerve entrapment)
  • Radial Nerve –> Wrist drop
  • Median Nerve –> Ape hand
22
Q

Tomes

A
  • Dermatome
  • Myotome
  • Scleratome
23
Q

Dermatome

A

Sensory (cutaneous) innervation to skin

24
Q

Myotome

A

Innervation to muscles

25
Q

Scleratome

A

Innervation to connective tissue and bone

26
Q

Cutaneous Innervation????

A

2 different references:
Dermatomes (segmental innervation)
- Representative of a generalized tract that represents a single nerve root
Nerves (helps with sensation over a specific area)
- Are made up of multiple nerve roots and usually innervate a certain area on the body

27
Q

Key Dermatone Landmarks (Cervical)

A
  • C2: posterior half of the skull cap
  • C3: area correlating to a high turtle neck shirt
  • C4: area correlating to a low-collar shirt
  • C6: (radial nerve) 1st digit (thumb)
  • C7: (median nerve) 2nd and 3rd digit
  • C8: (ulnar nerve) 4th and 5th digit, also the funny bone
28
Q

Key Dermatome Landmarks (Thoracic)

A
  • T4: nipples
  • T5: Inframammary fold
  • T6: xiphoid process
  • T10: umbilicus (important for early appendicitis pain)
  • T12: pubic bone area
29
Q

Key Dermatome Landmarks (Lumbosacral)

A
  • L1: inguinal ligament
  • L2: On the anterior medial thigh
  • L3: At the medial epicondyle of the femur.
  • L4: Over the medial malleolus, includes the knee caps
  • S2/S3: genitalia
30
Q

Myotome Levels

A
  • C5: Elbow flexion
  • C6: Wrist extension
  • C7: Elbow extension
  • C8: Flexion- tip of middle finger
  • T1: Finger abduction
  • L2: Hip flexion
  • L3: Knee extension
  • L4: Ankle dorsiflexion
  • L5: Big toe extension
  • S1: Ankle plantar flexion
31
Q

Sympathetic Division of Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • Thoracolumbar division
  • Lateral horns of gray matter of spinal cord from T1-L2
  • Prepares for strenuous physical exertion (fight and flight)
32
Q

Parasympathetic Division of Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • Craniosacral division
  • Located in nuclei of cranial nerves
    - III– occulomotor
    - VII– facial
    - IX– glossopharyngeal
    - X– vagus
    - And in the gray matter of the lateral horns of the 2nd through 4th sacral
  • Vagus nerve carries 75% of parasympathetic fibers
33
Q

Effects of Increased Sympathetic Activity on Heart and Blood Pressure

A
  • Increased activity of sympathetic cardiac nerves
  • Decreased activity of vagus (parasympathetic nerves)
  • Increased heart rate and contractility
  • Higher cardiac output
  • Increased blood pressure
34
Q

Effect of Increased Parasympathetic and Decreased Sympathetic Activity on Heart and Blood Pressure

A
  • Increased activity of vagus (parasympathetic) nerve
  • Decreased activity of sympathetic cardiac nerves
  • Reduction of heart rate
  • Lower cardiac output
  • Lower blood pressure

Advanced Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions