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Anatomy > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones make up the pectoral girdle (shoulder)?

A

Scapula, clavicle, manubrium

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2
Q

The manubrium is a __ bone

A

Axial

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3
Q

The scapula and clavicle are __ bones

A

Appendicular

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4
Q

What joint connects the upper appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)

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5
Q

Describe the clavicle

A

Suspends scapula/upper limb from axial skeleton. It has no medullary cavity, it is a long bone made up of both spongy and compact bone. It has an enlarged SC joint and a flat AC joint

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6
Q

Describe the scapula

A

The posterior side is convex and the anterior side is concave. It has three borders: medial, lateral and superior, and three angles: superior, inferior and lateral

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7
Q

Describe the humerus

A

It has two necks: anatomical and surgical, it is known for its humeral head

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8
Q

Sternum + clavicle

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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9
Q

Clavicle + acromion

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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10
Q

Glenoid + humerus

A

Glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

What type of joint is the SCJ?

A

Saddle joint

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12
Q

What type of joint is the ACJ?

A

Plant type joint

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13
Q

What type of joint is the GHJ?

A

Ball and socket joint

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14
Q

What muscles are responsible for flexion in the GHJ?

A

Pectoralis major and deltoid= main, assisted by the coracobrachialis

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15
Q

What muscles are responsible for extension in the GHJ?

A

Deltoid= main, assisted by the teres major, latissimus dorsi, and long head of the triceps brachii

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for abduction in the GHJ?

A

Deltoid= main, assisted by the supraspinatus

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17
Q

What muscles are responsible for adduction in the GHJ?

A

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi= main, assisted by the teres major and long head of the triceps brachii

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18
Q

What muscles are responsible for external rotation in the GHJ?

A

Infraspinatus= main, assisted by the teres minor and deltoid

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19
Q

What muscles are responsible for internal rotation in the GHJ?

A

Subscapularis= main, assisted by the pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and teres major

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20
Q

What muscles are in the anterior axio-appendicular group?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavious, and serratus anterior

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21
Q

What muscles are in the posterior axio-appendicular group?

A

Superficial: trapezius, latissimus dorsi
Deep: levator scapula, rhomboids
Scapulohumeral: deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff

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22
Q

What muscles are in the rotator cuff group?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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23
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve, flexors of elbows, biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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24
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Radial nerve, extensors of elbow, triceps, aconeus

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25
What muscles perform scapula elevation?
Upper fibers of trapezius
26
What muscles perform depression of scapula?
Lower fibers of trapezius
27
What muscles perform retraction of scapula?
Middle fibers of trapezius
28
What muscles perform upward rotation of scapula?
Upper and lower fibers of trapezius (with serratus anterior)
29
Map the arteries from the aorta to the elbow
Aorta > axillary artery > superior thoracic artery > thoracoacromial artery > subscapular artery > thoracodorsal artery > brachial artery
30
What two veins make up the axillary vein?
Basilic and brachial
31
What are the two superficial veins in the arm?
Lateral arm: cephalic vein Medial arm: basilic vein
32
Map the deep veins from the elbow to the superior vena cava
Brachial vein > axillary vein > subclavian vein > brachiocephalic vein > superior vena cava
33
How many groups of axillary lymph nodes are there? What are their names?
5, pectoral (anterior), subscapular (posterior), humeral (lateral), central (base), apical (apex)
34
Where is the pectoral lymph node located?
Medial wall of axilla, inferior border of pec minor
35
Where is the subscapular lymph node located?
Posterior axillary fold
36
Where is the humeral lymph node located?
Lateral wall of axilla
37
Where is the central lymph node located?
Deep to pec minor, base of axilla
38
Where is the apical lymph node located?
Apex of axilla
39
What groups is the brachial plexus divided into?
Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches
40
What are the 5 roots of the brachial plexus?
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
41
What are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus?
Superior, middle, inferior
42
What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?
3 anterior and 3 posterior divisions, each trunk splits into anterior/posterior
43
What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?
Lateral, posterior, and medial
44
What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?
Musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve
45
What nerve roots does the Musculocutaneous branch contain?
C5-7
46
What nerve roots does the axillary branch contain?
C5-6
47
What nerve roots does the radial nerve contain?
C5-8, T1
48
What nerve roots does the radial branch contain?
C5-8, T1
49
What nerve roots does the median branch contain?
C6-8, T1 (sometimes C5)
50
What nerve roots does the median branch contain?
C6-8, T1 (sometimes C5)
51
What nerve roots does the ulnar branch contain?
C7-8, T1
52
What does the Musculocutaneous nerve supply sensation to?
Lateral forearm
53
What does the Musculocutaneous nerve supply motor function to?
Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis
54
What does the axillary nerve supply sensation to?
Superolateral shoulder
55
What does the axillary nerve supply motor function to?
Deltoid and teres minor
56
What does the radial nerve supply sensation to?
Posterolateral arm, posterior forearm, hand to proximal half of lateral digits
57
What does the radial nerve supply motor function to?
Triceps, anconeus, posterior compartment muscles from brachioradialis to extensor indicis
58
What does the median nerve supply sensation to?
Lateral palmar, distal dorsal hand, fingers to lateral half of 4th digit
59
What does the median nerve supply motor function to?
Anterior compartment forearm muscles, thenar muscles
60
What does the ulnar nerve supply sensation to?
Medial palmar, dorsal hand to medial half of 4th digit
61
What does the ulnar nerve supply motor function to?
FCU, ulnar half of FDP, most hand intrinsics
62
What type of humeral fracture are there?
Impacting and avulsion
63
Define impaction humeral fracture
1 fragment driven into spongy bone of another fragment
64
Define avulsion humeral fracture
Piece of bone pulled away (greater tubercle)
65
What are the types of avulsion humeral fractures?
Greenstick (mainly in children), transverse, spiral, oblique, and intercondylar
66
If the surgical neck of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?
Axillary nerve
67
If the radial groove of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?
The radial nerve
68
If the distal humerus of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?
Median nerve
69
If the medial epicondyle of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?
The ulnar nerve
70
What structures are injured during an AC joint dislocation?
AC and coracoclavicular ligaments are torn
71
What structures are injured during a GHJ dislocation?
Greater tubercle avulsion and axillary nerve compression/injury
72
What structures are injured during a GHJ dislocation?
Greater tubercle avulsion and axillary nerve compression/injury
73
What is adhesive capsulitis?
Adhesive fibrosis and scarring occurs between and inflamed capsule, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and deltoid
74
What types of conditions can happen to the biceps long head?
Bicipital tendonitis, dislocation of the biceps long head, rupture of the biceps long head
75
What types of conditions can happen to the biceps long head?
Bicipital tendonitis, dislocation of the biceps long head, rupture of the biceps long head
76
Describe what happens with bicipital tendonitis
Acute inflammation, repetitive micro trauma
77
Describe what happens with dislocation of biceps long head
Traumatic epiphyseal separation of humerus, history of biceps tendonitis, tendon pops in and out of groove
78
Describe what happens with a rupture of the biceps long head
Happens from degeneration of people age 35 and older, pop/snap felt, usually from forceful flexion against resistance, prolonged tendonitis=weak tendon
79
What is calcific tendonitis?
Calcium deposits in supraspinatus tendon (from unusual/excessive use of shoulder), usually has increased pressure/pain during abduction
80
Winging scapula, difficulty overhead reaching, overhead movements makes nerve vulnerable to injury… what nerve was injured?
Long thoracic nerve
81
Winging scapula, difficulty overhead reaching, overhead movements makes nerve vulnerable to injury… what nerve was injured?
Long thoracic nerve
82
Can’t raise trunk on arms (like climbing motion)… what nerve was injured?
Thoracodorsal nerve
83
Can’t raise trunk on arms (like climbing motion)… what nerve was injured?
Thoracodorsal nerve
84
Can’t retract, elevate, or downwardly rotate scapula, scapula further abducted from spine on affected side… what nerve was injured?
Dorsal scapular
85
Deltoid and teres minor atrophy… what nerve was injured?
Axillary nerve
86
C5-6 damage, arms adducted, internally rotated potential elbow extension… what nerve was injured?
Superior brachial plexus
87
Pain radiating down arm, parasthesia, hand weakness… what nerve was injured?
Cords of brachial plexus
88
C8-T1 affected, hand muscles… what nerve was injured?
Inferior brachial plexus
89
What are the 3 areas of compression for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Scalenes (between anterior and middle), clavicle, and pec minor
90
What are the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome?
Upper extremity parsthesias, arms feel heavy, and cold to the touch/blanching of skin distally from arterial compression

Anatomy (8 decks)

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