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Anatomy > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones make up the pectoral girdle (shoulder)?

A

Scapula, clavicle, manubrium

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2
Q

The manubrium is a __ bone

A

Axial

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3
Q

The scapula and clavicle are __ bones

A

Appendicular

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4
Q

What joint connects the upper appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)

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5
Q

Describe the clavicle

A

Suspends scapula/upper limb from axial skeleton. It has no medullary cavity, it is a long bone made up of both spongy and compact bone. It has an enlarged SC joint and a flat AC joint

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6
Q

Describe the scapula

A

The posterior side is convex and the anterior side is concave. It has three borders: medial, lateral and superior, and three angles: superior, inferior and lateral

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7
Q

Describe the humerus

A

It has two necks: anatomical and surgical, it is known for its humeral head

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8
Q

Sternum + clavicle

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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9
Q

Clavicle + acromion

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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10
Q

Glenoid + humerus

A

Glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

What type of joint is the SCJ?

A

Saddle joint

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12
Q

What type of joint is the ACJ?

A

Plant type joint

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13
Q

What type of joint is the GHJ?

A

Ball and socket joint

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14
Q

What muscles are responsible for flexion in the GHJ?

A

Pectoralis major and deltoid= main, assisted by the coracobrachialis

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15
Q

What muscles are responsible for extension in the GHJ?

A

Deltoid= main, assisted by the teres major, latissimus dorsi, and long head of the triceps brachii

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for abduction in the GHJ?

A

Deltoid= main, assisted by the supraspinatus

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17
Q

What muscles are responsible for adduction in the GHJ?

A

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi= main, assisted by the teres major and long head of the triceps brachii

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18
Q

What muscles are responsible for external rotation in the GHJ?

A

Infraspinatus= main, assisted by the teres minor and deltoid

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19
Q

What muscles are responsible for internal rotation in the GHJ?

A

Subscapularis= main, assisted by the pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and teres major

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20
Q

What muscles are in the anterior axio-appendicular group?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavious, and serratus anterior

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21
Q

What muscles are in the posterior axio-appendicular group?

A

Superficial: trapezius, latissimus dorsi
Deep: levator scapula, rhomboids
Scapulohumeral: deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff

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22
Q

What muscles are in the rotator cuff group?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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23
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve, flexors of elbows, biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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24
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Radial nerve, extensors of elbow, triceps, aconeus

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25
Q

What muscles perform scapula elevation?

A

Upper fibers of trapezius

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26
Q

What muscles perform depression of scapula?

A

Lower fibers of trapezius

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27
Q

What muscles perform retraction of scapula?

A

Middle fibers of trapezius

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28
Q

What muscles perform upward rotation of scapula?

A

Upper and lower fibers of trapezius (with serratus anterior)

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29
Q

Map the arteries from the aorta to the elbow

A

Aorta > axillary artery > superior thoracic artery > thoracoacromial artery > subscapular artery > thoracodorsal artery > brachial artery

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30
Q

What two veins make up the axillary vein?

A

Basilic and brachial

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31
Q

What are the two superficial veins in the arm?

A

Lateral arm: cephalic vein
Medial arm: basilic vein

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32
Q

Map the deep veins from the elbow to the superior vena cava

A

Brachial vein > axillary vein > subclavian vein > brachiocephalic vein > superior vena cava

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33
Q

How many groups of axillary lymph nodes are there? What are their names?

A

5, pectoral (anterior), subscapular (posterior), humeral (lateral), central (base), apical (apex)

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34
Q

Where is the pectoral lymph node located?

A

Medial wall of axilla, inferior border of pec minor

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35
Q

Where is the subscapular lymph node located?

A

Posterior axillary fold

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36
Q

Where is the humeral lymph node located?

A

Lateral wall of axilla

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37
Q

Where is the central lymph node located?

A

Deep to pec minor, base of axilla

38
Q

Where is the apical lymph node located?

A

Apex of axilla

39
Q

What groups is the brachial plexus divided into?

A

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches

40
Q

What are the 5 roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

41
Q

What are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior, middle, inferior

42
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

3 anterior and 3 posterior divisions, each trunk splits into anterior/posterior

43
Q

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral, posterior, and medial

44
Q

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve

45
Q

What nerve roots does the Musculocutaneous branch contain?

A

C5-7

46
Q

What nerve roots does the axillary branch contain?

A

C5-6

47
Q

What nerve roots does the radial nerve contain?

A

C5-8, T1

48
Q

What nerve roots does the radial branch contain?

A

C5-8, T1

49
Q

What nerve roots does the median branch contain?

A

C6-8, T1 (sometimes C5)

50
Q

What nerve roots does the median branch contain?

A

C6-8, T1 (sometimes C5)

51
Q

What nerve roots does the ulnar branch contain?

A

C7-8, T1

52
Q

What does the Musculocutaneous nerve supply sensation to?

A

Lateral forearm

53
Q

What does the Musculocutaneous nerve supply motor function to?

A

Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis

54
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply sensation to?

A

Superolateral shoulder

55
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply motor function to?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

56
Q

What does the radial nerve supply sensation to?

A

Posterolateral arm, posterior forearm, hand to proximal half of lateral digits

57
Q

What does the radial nerve supply motor function to?

A

Triceps, anconeus, posterior compartment muscles from brachioradialis to extensor indicis

58
Q

What does the median nerve supply sensation to?

A

Lateral palmar, distal dorsal hand, fingers to lateral half of 4th digit

59
Q

What does the median nerve supply motor function to?

A

Anterior compartment forearm muscles, thenar muscles

60
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply sensation to?

A

Medial palmar, dorsal hand to medial half of 4th digit

61
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply motor function to?

A

FCU, ulnar half of FDP, most hand intrinsics

62
Q

What type of humeral fracture are there?

A

Impacting and avulsion

63
Q

Define impaction humeral fracture

A

1 fragment driven into spongy bone of another fragment

64
Q

Define avulsion humeral fracture

A

Piece of bone pulled away (greater tubercle)

65
Q

What are the types of avulsion humeral fractures?

A

Greenstick (mainly in children), transverse, spiral, oblique, and intercondylar

66
Q

If the surgical neck of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?

A

Axillary nerve

67
Q

If the radial groove of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?

A

The radial nerve

68
Q

If the distal humerus of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?

A

Median nerve

69
Q

If the medial epicondyle of the humeral bone was fractured, what nerve is affected?

A

The ulnar nerve

70
Q

What structures are injured during an AC joint dislocation?

A

AC and coracoclavicular ligaments are torn

71
Q

What structures are injured during a GHJ dislocation?

A

Greater tubercle avulsion and axillary nerve compression/injury

72
Q

What structures are injured during a GHJ dislocation?

A

Greater tubercle avulsion and axillary nerve compression/injury

73
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis?

A

Adhesive fibrosis and scarring occurs between and inflamed capsule, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and deltoid

74
Q

What types of conditions can happen to the biceps long head?

A

Bicipital tendonitis, dislocation of the biceps long head, rupture of the biceps long head

75
Q

What types of conditions can happen to the biceps long head?

A

Bicipital tendonitis, dislocation of the biceps long head, rupture of the biceps long head

76
Q

Describe what happens with bicipital tendonitis

A

Acute inflammation, repetitive micro trauma

77
Q

Describe what happens with dislocation of biceps long head

A

Traumatic epiphyseal separation of humerus, history of biceps tendonitis, tendon pops in and out of groove

78
Q

Describe what happens with a rupture of the biceps long head

A

Happens from degeneration of people age 35 and older, pop/snap felt, usually from forceful flexion against resistance, prolonged tendonitis=weak tendon

79
Q

What is calcific tendonitis?

A

Calcium deposits in supraspinatus tendon (from unusual/excessive use of shoulder), usually has increased pressure/pain during abduction

80
Q

Winging scapula, difficulty overhead reaching, overhead movements makes nerve vulnerable to injury… what nerve was injured?

A

Long thoracic nerve

81
Q

Winging scapula, difficulty overhead reaching, overhead movements makes nerve vulnerable to injury… what nerve was injured?

A

Long thoracic nerve

82
Q

Can’t raise trunk on arms (like climbing motion)… what nerve was injured?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

83
Q

Can’t raise trunk on arms (like climbing motion)… what nerve was injured?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

84
Q

Can’t retract, elevate, or downwardly rotate scapula, scapula further abducted from spine on affected side… what nerve was injured?

A

Dorsal scapular

85
Q

Deltoid and teres minor atrophy… what nerve was injured?

A

Axillary nerve

86
Q

C5-6 damage, arms adducted, internally rotated potential elbow extension… what nerve was injured?

A

Superior brachial plexus

87
Q

Pain radiating down arm, parasthesia, hand weakness… what nerve was injured?

A

Cords of brachial plexus

88
Q

C8-T1 affected, hand muscles… what nerve was injured?

A

Inferior brachial plexus

89
Q

What are the 3 areas of compression for thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Scalenes (between anterior and middle), clavicle, and pec minor

90
Q

What are the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Upper extremity parsthesias, arms feel heavy, and cold to the touch/blanching of skin distally from arterial compression

Anatomy (7 decks)

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