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Anatomy > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

MCL, anterior and posterior intercondylar areas attach to this structure

A

Medial meniscus

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2
Q

Popliteus tendon and posterior meniscofemoral ligament attach to this structure

A

Lateral meniscus

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3
Q

Fibrocartilage frequently injured due to multiple attachments to surrounding structures

A

Medial meniscus

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4
Q

Fibrocartilage that is more circular and moves more freely than its medial counterpart

A

Lateral meniscus

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5
Q

___ is strong, flat and embedded in joint capsule, restricts valgus force, and runs from medial epicondyle to medial tibial condyle

A

MCL

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6
Q

___ is strong, cord-like, and extracapsular, restricts varus force, and splits the biceps femoris into 2 tendons

A

LCL

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7
Q

___ runs from anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral condyle of femur, has poor blood supply, and prevents excessive tibial anterior translation

A

ACL

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8
Q

___ runs from posterior intercondylar area of tibia up to medial condyle of femur and prevents excessive tibial posterior translation

A

PCL

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9
Q

The ___ is stronger than the ___

A

PCL; ACL

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10
Q

What is the function of the Oblique Popliteal and Arcuate Popliteal ligaments?

A

Posterolateral joint stability for the knee

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11
Q

What bursa are in the patellar area of the knee?

A

Prepatellar and infrapatellar

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12
Q

What bursa are in the synovial cavity of the knee?

A

Suprapatellar, popliteus, pes anserinus, and gastrocnemius

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13
Q

What does the prepatellar bursa do?

A

Allows skin to move over it due to living between the skin and quad tendon

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14
Q

What are the two types of infrapatellar bursa?

A

Subcutaneous and deep

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15
Q

What is important about the suprapatellar bursa?

A

It is continuous with the joint capsule, so infection can spread from it to the knee joint cavity

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16
Q

Where is the popliteus bursa located?

A

Between the popliteus bone and muscle

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17
Q

Where does the pes anserinus insert and what is important with this bursa?

A

Insertion of Sartorius, Gracilis, & Semitendinosus at proximal medial tibia and it tends to become painful with knee arthritis or total knee arthroplasty

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18
Q

What is notable about the gastrocnemius bursa?

A

It is a couple of bursa between the heads of the gastroc and femoral condyles

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19
Q

Which tibiofibular joint is superior, has its own capsule, cannot move without the inferior joint moving too, has a tense joint capsule surrounding it, and has the popliteus tendon crossing it?

A

Tibiofibular joint

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20
Q

Which tibiofibular joint is inferior, a compound fibrous joint, and has 4 ligaments attached to it (anterior tibiofibular, interosseous tibiofibular, posterior tibiofibular, and inferior tibiofibular)?

A

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

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21
Q

The tibialis anterior and posterior, fibularis longus, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus all contribute to maintain what?

A

The longitudinal arch of the foot

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22
Q

What has an insertion of IT band at proximal lateral tibia?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

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23
Q

Which leg compartment contains ankle invertors and tibial nerve?

A

Deep posterior

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24
Q

Which leg compartment contains ankle dorsiflexors and deep fibular nerve?

A

Anterior

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25
Q

Which leg compartment contains ankle evertors and superficial fibular nerve?

A

Lateral

26
Q

Which leg compartment contains plantarflexors?

A

Superficial posterior

27
Q

The patellar tendon reflex tests the ___ nerve roots, and the Achilles tendon reflex tests the ___ nerve roots.

A

L2-4 (femoral nerve); S1-2 (tibial nerve)

28
Q

Foot inversion and ankle dorsiflexion test ___ nerve roots, and foot eversion and knee flexion test ___ nerve roots.

A

L4-5; L5-S1

29
Q

Which dermatome is the medial side of the great toe a landmark for?

A

L4

30
Q

Which dermatome is the shin/proximal fibular region a landmark for?

A

L5

31
Q

Which dermatome is the lateral malleolus/lateral calf region a landmark for?

A

S1

32
Q

Which cutaneous nerve is the anteriormedial leg region a landmark for?

A

Saphenous nerve

33
Q

Which cutaneous nerve is the posterior lateral leg region a landmark for?

A

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

34
Q

Which cutaneous nerve is the area between the posterior border of fibula and achilles tendon a landmark for?

A

Sural nerve

35
Q

The biceps femoris, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius heads, and the skin and popliteal fascia are the boundaries for what?

A

Popliteal fossa

36
Q

Where is the biceps femoris a boundary for the popliteal fossa?

A

Superolateral

37
Q

Where is the semimembranosus a boundary for the popliteal fossa?

A

Superomedial

38
Q

Where is the gastrocnemius a boundary for the popliteal fossa?

A

Inferolateral and inferomedial

39
Q

Where is the skin and popliteal fascia a boundary for the popliteal fossa?

A

The root

40
Q

The small saphenous vein termination, popliteal artery and vein, tibial and common fibular nerves, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, and popliteal lymph nodes and vessels are the contents to what?

A

Popliteal fossa

41
Q

What is the replacement of femoral & tibial condyles, and posterior patella with prosthetic parts?

A

Total knee arthroplasty

42
Q

What is gait deviation caused by common fibular nerve damage and paralysis of dorsiflexors & evertors?

A

Foot drop

43
Q

What is tibialis anterior strain from repetitive microtrauma?

A

Shin splints

44
Q

The MCL tear + ACL tear + medial meniscus tear make up?

A

Unhappy triad

45
Q

What is maltracking of patella on trochlear groove of femur?

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

46
Q

What is hemorrhage, edema, &/or inflammation in enclosed fascial space causing nerve & blood vessel compression?

A

Compartment syndrome

47
Q

What is a consequence of compartment syndrome?

A

Ischemia or damage to tissue within/distal to compartment

48
Q

___ is done to alleviate pressure from compartment syndrome

A

Fasciotomy

49
Q

What is the softening of articular cartilage on the posterior surface of the patella?

A

Chondromalacia Patella (or “Runner’s Knee”)

50
Q

What are some reasons that chondromalacia patella occurs?

A

Patellar maltracking, repetitive stress at the range flexion, or direct blow to the patella

51
Q

What structure attaches distally to the lateral patellar retinaculum and can pull the patella laterally causing tracking issues?

A

Genu Valgus

52
Q

A patellar ___ is a partial dislocation, spontaneously reduces. While a patellar ___ is a complete separation of the joint that may reduce spontaneously or may require medical intervention.

A

Subluxation; dislocation

53
Q

When we see a rupture of a ___, we expect to see hyperextension, anterior force on femur with knee slightly flexed. The tibia slides anteriorly on the fixed femur (known as anterior drawer sign).

A

ACL

54
Q

When we see a rupture of a ___, we expect to see hyperflexion, posterior force on tibia. The tibia will slide posteriorly on fixed femur (known as posterior drawer sign).

A

PCL

55
Q

Why do meniscal tears have trouble healing?

A

They contain less blood supply

56
Q

Where does the meniscus have a nerve and blood supply?

A

Along the periphery of the meniscus

57
Q

___ is repeated friction and excessive pressure. ___ may be herniation of gastrocnemius or semimembranosus bursa through joint capsule into popliteal fossa.

A

Prepatellar bursitis; baker cyst

58
Q

___ is the dilation of veins due to incompetent valves

A

Varicose veins

59
Q

What causes incompetent valves with varicose veins?

A

Valves don’t close or they invert, this causes blood to flow back down and pool, enlarging the vein

60
Q

Dilation or rotation of veins, venous stasis from loose fascia (no musculocutaneous pump), prolonged bed rest and muscular inactivity are all causes for ___

A

Varicose veins

61
Q

What is a potential deadly consequence of varicose veins?

A

Deep venous thrombosis or thrombophlebitis (type of DVT) that ends up becoming a pulmonary embolism

Anatomy (7 decks)

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