Hip

Question 1

The ____ is for mobility, while the ____ is for stability

Answer 1

Upper extremity; lower extremity

Question 2

The ____ is an incomplete ring, while the _____ is a complete ring

Answer 2

Pectoral girdle; pelvic girdle

Question 3

While both have 5 metacarpals (or metatarsals), the hand has ___ carpals and the foot has ____ tarsals

Answer 3

8; 7

Question 4

What makes the coxafemoral joint so stable?

Answer 4

It’s depth of the socket, strong joint capsule, and due to all the muscles attached to it

Question 5

Describe the coxafemoral joint

Answer 5

A ball and socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle and lower extremities

Question 6

Which of the following hip ligaments lives posteriorly and is the weakest of the capsular ligaments?

Answer 6

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 7

The ____ stretches during hip flexion

Answer 7

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 8

Which of the following hip ligaments lives anteriorly and is the strongest of the capsular ligaments?

Answer 8

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 9

The ____ prevents hyperextension of the hip

Answer 9

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 10

Which of the following hip ligaments lives inferiorly?

Answer 10

Pubofemoral ligament

Question 11

The ____ tightens up with hip extension and abduction and prevents hyperabduction of the hip

Answer 11

Pubofemoral ligament

Question 12

What are the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

Answer 12

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes (NAVeL)

Question 13

What nerve innervates the superior gemellus and the obturator internus?

Answer 13

Nerve to obturator internus

Question 14

What nerve innervates the piriformis?

Answer 14

Anterior rami S1-2

Question 15

What nerve innervates the inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris?

Answer 15

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 16

What nerve innervates the obturator externus?

Answer 16

Obturator nerve

Question 17

What nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 17

Femoral nerve

Question 18

What nerve innervates the hamstrings?

Answer 18

Sciatic nerve

Question 19

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius, minimus and the tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 19

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 20

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

Answer 20

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 21

What dermatome supplies the groin?

Answer 21

L1

Question 22

What dermatome supplies the mid-anterior thigh?

Answer 22

L2

Question 23

What dermatome supplies the medial knee?

Answer 23

L3

Question 24

What dermatome supplies the medial malleolus?

Answer 24

L4

Question 25

What dermatome supplies the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 25

L5

Question 26

What dermatome supplies the lateral malleolus and heel?

Answer 26

S1

Question 27

What myotome is the key movement of hip flexion for?

Answer 27

L1-L2

Question 28

What myotome is the key movement of knee extension for?

Answer 28

L3

Question 29

What myotome is the key movement of ankle dorsiflexion for?

Answer 29

L4

Question 30

What myotome is the key movement of big toe extension for?

Answer 30

L5

Question 31

What myotome is the key movement of ankle plantarflexion for?

Answer 31

S1

Question 32

Which myotomal actions would be weak if a disc were compressing the L5 nerve root?

Answer 32

Big toe extension, ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion (all primarily controlled by L5 nerve root)

Question 33

What is a potential consequence of injury to the femoral artery?

Answer 33

Lower extremities will lose majority of blood supply, good chance the person will bleed out and die

Question 34

What artery is mostly responsible for blood flow to the femoral head?

Answer 34

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 35

What is a consequence of an injury to the medial circumflex femoral artery?

Answer 35

Could lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 36

Which vein follows the following tract: Dorsal vein of great toe + dorsal venous arch of foot, enters saphenous opening in fascia lata to drain into femoral vein

Answer 36

Great saphenous vein

Question 37

Which vein follows the following tract: Dorsal vein of little toe + dorsal venous arch of foot, pierces deep fascia midline fibula, runs between gastrocnemius heads, drains into popliteal vein

Answer 37

Small saphenous vein

Question 38

Which region of hip/thigh musculature describes this: Prominence needed for upright standing/walking; angle of inclination allows abductors to sit high in this region

Answer 38

Gluteal region

Question 39

The piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris (P-GO-GO-Q) all form what?

Answer 39

The "rotator cuff of the hip"

Question 40

The superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus all form what?

Answer 40

Triceps Coxae

Question 41

Iliopsoas, satorius, pectineus, rectus femoris, and tensor fascia latae perform what hip action?

Answer 41

Flexion

Question 42

Gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris all perform what hip action?

Answer 42

Extension

Question 43

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris make up what?

Answer 43

The hamstrings

Question 44

The gluteus medius and minimis perform what two hip actions?

Answer 44

Abduction and internal rotation

Question 45

The gracilis, adductor longus (anterior), adductor brevis (shortest), and adductor magnus (largest/most powerful) all perform what hip action?

Answer 45

Adduction

Question 46

The obturator externus, gluteus maximus, piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris all perform what hip action?

Answer 46

External rotation

Question 47

Where does the IT band insert distally?

Answer 47

Anterolateral tubercle of the tibia

Question 48

What can be a complication of an intracapsular fracture of the femur?

Answer 48

Femoral head degeneration/necrosis due to loss of blood supply

Question 49

What pathology replaces acetabulum and femoral head with prosthetic parts

Answer 49

Total hip arthroplasty

Question 50

What type of hip dislocation occurs most commonly in females and neonates where the femoral head sits higher than acetabulum and limb appears shortened?

Answer 50

Congenital hip dislocation

Question 51

What type of hip dislocation occurs in a flexed, adducted, and internally rotated position where the posterior capsule is teared?

Answer 51

Acquired posterior hip dislocation

Question 52

What type of hip dislocation occurs in an extended, abducted, and externally rotated position where the acetabulum usually fractures?

Answer 52

Acquired anterior hip dislocation

Question 53

____ is a tear of proximal or distal posterior thigh tendons resulting in hematoma

Answer 53

Hamstring strain

Question 54

____ is the bone pulling away

Answer 54

Ischial tuberosity avulsion

Question 55

_____ is inflammation and swelling from gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae flipping over greater trochanter (occurs in running sports)

Answer 55

Trochanteric bursitis

Question 56

____ is repetitive hip extension while seated (occurs in cycling or rowing sports)

Answer 56

Ischial bursitis

Question 57

_____ is contralateral pelvic drop due to inability of gluteus medius to stabilize pelvis in single limb stance

Answer 57

Trendelenburg sign

Question 58

Superior gluteal nerve injury, spinal cord injury (L4-S1), gluteus medius injury/weakness/atrophy, trochanteric bursitis all are causes for what?

Answer 58

Trendelenburg sign

Question 59

____ is compression of sciatic nerve by a prominent hip external rotator

Answer 59

Piriformis syndrome

Question 60

____ section of sciatic nerve= no hip extension/knee flexion; ____ section of sciatic nerve= no motor/sensation to posterior thigh

Answer 60

Complete; incomplete

Question 61

____ is the narrowest, weakest, and most frequently fractured part of femur

Answer 61

Femoral neck fracture

Question 62

What is psoas abscess?

Answer 62

Pus collecting in the psoas muscle

Question 63

How does the psoas abscess form?

Answer 63

It is carried by blood or infectious process from hidden source in the body

Question 64

Pathologies to ____ can cause pain in lower abdomen, groin, and medial thigh and radiate to sacroiliac regions

Answer 64

Iliopsoas