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Anatomy > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ is for mobility, while the ____ is for stability

A

Upper extremity; lower extremity

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2
Q

The ____ is an incomplete ring, while the _____ is a complete ring

A

Pectoral girdle; pelvic girdle

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3
Q

While both have 5 metacarpals (or metatarsals), the hand has ___ carpals and the foot has ____ tarsals

A

8; 7

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4
Q

What makes the coxafemoral joint so stable?

A

It’s depth of the socket, strong joint capsule, and due to all the muscles attached to it

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5
Q

Describe the coxafemoral joint

A

A ball and socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle and lower extremities

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6
Q

Which of the following hip ligaments lives posteriorly and is the weakest of the capsular ligaments?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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7
Q

The ____ stretches during hip flexion

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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8
Q

Which of the following hip ligaments lives anteriorly and is the strongest of the capsular ligaments?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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9
Q

The ____ prevents hyperextension of the hip

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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10
Q

Which of the following hip ligaments lives inferiorly?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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11
Q

The ____ tightens up with hip extension and abduction and prevents hyperabduction of the hip

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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12
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

A

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes (NAVeL)

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the superior gemellus and the obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the piriformis?

A

Anterior rami S1-2

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the obturator externus?

A

Obturator nerve

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral nerve

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the hamstrings?

A

Sciatic nerve

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius, minimus and the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

What dermatome supplies the groin?

A

L1

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22
Q

What dermatome supplies the mid-anterior thigh?

A

L2

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23
Q

What dermatome supplies the medial knee?

A

L3

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24
Q

What dermatome supplies the medial malleolus?

A

L4

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25
Q

What dermatome supplies the dorsum of the foot?

A

L5

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26
Q

What dermatome supplies the lateral malleolus and heel?

A

S1

27
Q

What myotome is the key movement of hip flexion for?

A

L1-L2

28
Q

What myotome is the key movement of knee extension for?

A

L3

29
Q

What myotome is the key movement of ankle dorsiflexion for?

A

L4

30
Q

What myotome is the key movement of big toe extension for?

A

L5

31
Q

What myotome is the key movement of ankle plantarflexion for?

A

S1

32
Q

Which myotomal actions would be weak if a disc were compressing the L5 nerve root?

A

Big toe extension, ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion (all primarily controlled by L5 nerve root)

33
Q

What is a potential consequence of injury to the femoral artery?

A

Lower extremities will lose majority of blood supply, good chance the person will bleed out and die

34
Q

What artery is mostly responsible for blood flow to the femoral head?

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

35
Q

What is a consequence of an injury to the medial circumflex femoral artery?

A

Could lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head

36
Q

Which vein follows the following tract: Dorsal vein of great toe + dorsal venous arch of foot, enters saphenous opening in fascia lata to drain into femoral vein

A

Great saphenous vein

37
Q

Which vein follows the following tract:
Dorsal vein of little toe + dorsal venous arch of foot, pierces deep fascia midline fibula, runs between gastrocnemius heads, drains into popliteal vein

A

Small saphenous vein

38
Q

Which region of hip/thigh musculature describes this:
Prominence needed for upright standing/walking; angle of inclination allows abductors to sit high in this region

A

Gluteal region

39
Q

The piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris (P-GO-GO-Q) all form what?

A

The “rotator cuff of the hip”

40
Q

The superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus all form what?

A

Triceps Coxae

41
Q

Iliopsoas, satorius, pectineus, rectus femoris, and tensor fascia latae perform what hip action?

A

Flexion

42
Q

Gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris all perform what hip action?

A

Extension

43
Q

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris make up what?

A

The hamstrings

44
Q

The gluteus medius and minimis perform what two hip actions?

A

Abduction and internal rotation

45
Q

The gracilis, adductor longus (anterior), adductor brevis (shortest), and adductor magnus (largest/most powerful) all perform what hip action?

A

Adduction

46
Q

The obturator externus, gluteus maximus, piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris all perform what hip action?

A

External rotation

47
Q

Where does the IT band insert distally?

A

Anterolateral tubercle of the tibia

48
Q

What can be a complication of an intracapsular fracture of the femur?

A

Femoral head degeneration/necrosis due to loss of blood supply

49
Q

What pathology replaces acetabulum and femoral head with prosthetic parts

A

Total hip arthroplasty

50
Q

What type of hip dislocation occurs most commonly in females and neonates where the femoral head sits higher than acetabulum and limb appears shortened?

A

Congenital hip dislocation

51
Q

What type of hip dislocation occurs in a flexed, adducted, and internally rotated position where the posterior capsule is teared?

A

Acquired posterior hip dislocation

52
Q

What type of hip dislocation occurs in an extended, abducted, and externally rotated position where the acetabulum usually fractures?

A

Acquired anterior hip dislocation

53
Q

____ is a tear of proximal or distal posterior thigh tendons resulting in hematoma

A

Hamstring strain

54
Q

____ is the bone pulling away

A

Ischial tuberosity avulsion

55
Q

_____ is inflammation and swelling from gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae flipping over greater trochanter (occurs in running sports)

A

Trochanteric bursitis

56
Q

____ is repetitive hip extension while seated (occurs in cycling or rowing sports)

A

Ischial bursitis

57
Q

_____ is contralateral pelvic drop due to inability of gluteus medius to stabilize pelvis in single limb stance

A

Trendelenburg sign

58
Q

Superior gluteal nerve injury, spinal cord injury (L4-S1), gluteus medius injury/weakness/atrophy, trochanteric bursitis all are causes for what?

A

Trendelenburg sign

59
Q

____ is compression of sciatic nerve by a prominent hip external rotator

A

Piriformis syndrome

60
Q

____ section of sciatic nerve= no hip extension/knee flexion; ____ section of sciatic nerve= no motor/sensation to posterior thigh

A

Complete; incomplete

61
Q

____ is the narrowest, weakest, and most frequently fractured part of femur

A

Femoral neck fracture

62
Q

What is psoas abscess?

A

Pus collecting in the psoas muscle

63
Q

How does the psoas abscess form?

A

It is carried by blood or infectious process from hidden source in the body

64
Q

Pathologies to ____ can cause pain in lower abdomen, groin, and medial thigh and radiate to sacroiliac regions

A

Iliopsoas

Anatomy (7 decks)

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