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Anatomy > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What fits into the mortise, has a trochlea and articular cartilage, transfers weight from calcaneus to forefoot and has no muscle/tendon attachments?

A

The talus

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2
Q

What is the largest, strongest tarsal, has sustenaculum tali and a calcaneal tuberosity?

A

Calcaneus

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3
Q

What is cubicle in shape, the most lateral bone in the distal row of tarsals?

A

Cuboid

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4
Q

This tarsal bone has three types, medial, intermediate, and lateral

A

Cuneiforms

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5
Q

___ is made up of the talus and calcaneus

A

Hindfoot

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6
Q

___ is made up of the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

A

Midfoot

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7
Q

___ is made of the metatarsals and phalanges

A

Forefoot

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8
Q

What acts as spring boards, flattening out with weight and recoiling afterwards?

A

The arches of the foot

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9
Q

The __ longitudinal arch has the calcaneus, navicular, cuneiforms, and 3 medial metatarsals involved

A

Medial

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10
Q

The __ longitudinal arch has the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral 2 metatarsals involved

A

Lateral

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11
Q

The cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of metatarsals make up the ___ arch

A

Transverse

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12
Q

Bone shapes, plantar aponeurosis, and plantar ligaments (spring, long, short) all are supports for the ___ arches of the foot

A

Passive

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13
Q

What happens to the tibiofibular syndesmosis during ankle dorsiflexion?

A

It widens and rises as the talus rolls back

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13
Q

Intrinsic foot muscles and extrinsic tendons (FHL, FDL, fibularis longus, and tibialis posterior) are all supports for the ___ arches of the foot

A

Dynamic

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14
Q

Most commonly sprained ankle ligament that resists inversion

A

ATFL

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15
Q

Connects hindfoot to midfoot, a.k.a. Chopart’s joint

A

Transverse tarsal joint

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16
Q

Connects talus to mortise, does dorsiflexion/plantarflexion motions

A

Talocrural joint

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17
Q

Medial ankle ligament that resists eversion

A

Deltoid ligament

18
Q

Connects midfoot to forefoot, a.k.a. Lisfranc joint

A

Tarsometatarsal joint

19
Q

Connects talus to calcaneus, does inversion/eversion motions

A

Subtalar joint

20
Q

Connects metatarsal heads and the proximal phalanges

A

Metarsophalangeal joint

21
Q

The dermatome L4 at medial hallux is related to which peripheral nerve?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

22
Q

The dermatome L3 at medial calf is related to which peripheral nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

23
Q

The dermatome S1 at lateral foot is related to which peripheral nerve?

A

Sural nerve (termination)

24
Q

The dermatome L5 at dorsal web space (between toes 1-2) is related to which peripheral nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve

25
Q

The dermatome L4 at patella is related to which peripheral nerve?

A

Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

26
Q

The dermatome S2 at hamstrings is related to which peripheral nerve?

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

27
Q

Which myotome is related to hip extension?

A

L5-S1

28
Q

Which myotome is related to knee extension?

A

L3-L4

29
Q

Which myotome is related to ankle inversion?

A

L4-L5

30
Q

Which myotome is related to ankle plantarflexion?

A

S1-S2

31
Q

Fallen arches due to Tibialis Posterior dysfunction &/or rupture of the Spring ligament

A

Pes planus

32
Q

Tibial nerve compression posterior to medial malleolus causing heel pain & plantar foot paresthesias

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

33
Q

Plantar calcaneal pain worsened by passive toe extension & trying to walk after a period of rest

A

Plantar fasciitis

34
Q

Great toe points laterally, 1st metatarsal shifts medially, sesamoid bones shift laterally, bunion forms

A

Hallux valgus

35
Q

Fracture during severe inversion injury due to pull of Fibularis Brevis insertion point

A

Avulsion of 5th metatarsal tuberosity

36
Q

Misnomer describing Deltoid ligament sprain resulting in fracture of medial & lateral malleoli & posterior distal tibia

A

Trimalleolar fracture

37
Q

Secondary ossification fails to unite during development (caused by excessive/forceful plantarflexion in early teen years)

A

Os Trigonum

38
Q

MTP hyperextension, PIP flexion, DIP hyperextension, weak lumbricals/interosseous muscles, 2nd toe most affected

A

Hammer toe

39
Q

MTP hyperextension, PIP and DIP flexion, callosities and corns dorsal toes/plantar metatarsal heads and toe tips, usually lateral 4 toes

A

Claw toes

40
Q

Repetitive activities (especially in unconditioned people) where microtears in collagen of tendon could also be caused by poor footwear or training surfaces

A

Achilles tendinitis

41
Q

How does calcaneal tendon rupture come about?

A

Poor conditioning, history of calcaneal tendinitis, forceful pushoff

42
Q

What signs and symptoms come from a calcaneal tendon rupture?

A

Audible snap, calf pain/lump in calf, palpable gap proximal to calcaneal attachment, inability to plantarflex against resistance, excessive dorsiflexion

43
Q

What is treatment for the calcaneal tendon rupture?

A

Surgical repair or PT for safe progression of rehabilitation

Anatomy (8 decks)

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