Ankle and Foot

Question 1

What fits into the mortise, has a trochlea and articular cartilage, transfers weight from calcaneus to forefoot and has no muscle/tendon attachments?

Answer 1

The talus

Question 2

What is the largest, strongest tarsal, has sustenaculum tali and a calcaneal tuberosity?

Answer 2

Calcaneus

Question 3

What is cubicle in shape, the most lateral bone in the distal row of tarsals?

Answer 3

Cuboid

Question 4

This tarsal bone has three types, medial, intermediate, and lateral

Answer 4

Cuneiforms

Question 5

___ is made up of the talus and calcaneus

Answer 5

Hindfoot

Question 6

___ is made up of the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

Answer 6

Midfoot

Question 7

___ is made of the metatarsals and phalanges

Answer 7

Forefoot

Question 8

What acts as spring boards, flattening out with weight and recoiling afterwards?

Answer 8

The arches of the foot

Question 9

The __ longitudinal arch has the calcaneus, navicular, cuneiforms, and 3 medial metatarsals involved

Answer 9

Medial

Question 10

The __ longitudinal arch has the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral 2 metatarsals involved

Answer 10

Lateral

Question 11

The cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of metatarsals make up the ___ arch

Answer 11

Transverse

Question 12

Bone shapes, plantar aponeurosis, and plantar ligaments (spring, long, short) all are supports for the ___ arches of the foot

Answer 12

Passive

Question 13

What happens to the tibiofibular syndesmosis during ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 13

It widens and rises as the talus rolls back

Question 13

Intrinsic foot muscles and extrinsic tendons (FHL, FDL, fibularis longus, and tibialis posterior) are all supports for the ___ arches of the foot

Answer 13

Dynamic

Question 14

Most commonly sprained ankle ligament that resists inversion

Answer 14

ATFL

Question 15

Connects hindfoot to midfoot, a.k.a. Chopart’s joint

Answer 15

Transverse tarsal joint

Question 16

Connects talus to mortise, does dorsiflexion/plantarflexion motions

Answer 16

Talocrural joint

Question 17

Medial ankle ligament that resists eversion

Answer 17

Deltoid ligament

Question 18

Connects midfoot to forefoot, a.k.a. Lisfranc joint

Answer 18

Tarsometatarsal joint

Question 19

Connects talus to calcaneus, does inversion/eversion motions

Answer 19

Subtalar joint

Question 20

Connects metatarsal heads and the proximal phalanges

Answer 20

Metarsophalangeal joint

Question 21

The dermatome L4 at medial hallux is related to which peripheral nerve?

Answer 21

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 22

The dermatome L3 at medial calf is related to which peripheral nerve?

Answer 22

Saphenous nerve

Question 23

The dermatome S1 at lateral foot is related to which peripheral nerve?

Answer 23

Sural nerve (termination)

Question 24

The dermatome L5 at dorsal web space (between toes 1-2) is related to which peripheral nerve?

Answer 24

Deep fibular nerve

Question 25

The dermatome L4 at patella is related to which peripheral nerve?

Answer 25

Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 26

The dermatome S2 at hamstrings is related to which peripheral nerve?

Answer 26

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 27

Which myotome is related to hip extension?

Answer 27

L5-S1

Question 28

Which myotome is related to knee extension?

Answer 28

L3-L4

Question 29

Which myotome is related to ankle inversion?

Answer 29

L4-L5

Question 30

Which myotome is related to ankle plantarflexion?

Answer 30

S1-S2

Question 31

Fallen arches due to Tibialis Posterior dysfunction &/or rupture of the Spring ligament

Answer 31

Pes planus

Question 32

Tibial nerve compression posterior to medial malleolus causing heel pain & plantar foot paresthesias

Answer 32

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Question 33

Plantar calcaneal pain worsened by passive toe extension & trying to walk after a period of rest

Answer 33

Plantar fasciitis

Question 34

Great toe points laterally, 1st metatarsal shifts medially, sesamoid bones shift laterally, bunion forms

Answer 34

Hallux valgus

Question 35

Fracture during severe inversion injury due to pull of Fibularis Brevis insertion point

Answer 35

Avulsion of 5th metatarsal tuberosity

Question 36

Misnomer describing Deltoid ligament sprain resulting in fracture of medial & lateral malleoli & posterior distal tibia

Answer 36

Trimalleolar fracture

Question 37

Secondary ossification fails to unite during development (caused by excessive/forceful plantarflexion in early teen years)

Answer 37

Os Trigonum

Question 38

MTP hyperextension, PIP flexion, DIP hyperextension, weak lumbricals/interosseous muscles, 2nd toe most affected

Answer 38

Hammer toe

Question 39

MTP hyperextension, PIP and DIP flexion, callosities and corns dorsal toes/plantar metatarsal heads and toe tips, usually lateral 4 toes

Answer 39

Claw toes

Question 40

Repetitive activities (especially in unconditioned people) where microtears in collagen of tendon could also be caused by poor footwear or training surfaces

Answer 40

Achilles tendinitis

Question 41

How does calcaneal tendon rupture come about?

Answer 41

Poor conditioning, history of calcaneal tendinitis, forceful pushoff

Question 42

What signs and symptoms come from a calcaneal tendon rupture?

Answer 42

Audible snap, calf pain/lump in calf, palpable gap proximal to calcaneal attachment, inability to plantarflex against resistance, excessive dorsiflexion

Question 43

What is treatment for the calcaneal tendon rupture?

Answer 43

Surgical repair or PT for safe progression of rehabilitation