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Anatomy > Lumbar And Pelvis > Flashcards

Lumbar And Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are primary and secondary curvatures of the spine?

A

Primary= Kyphosis
Secondary= Lordosis

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2
Q

The cervical and lumbar region have a concave posterior and convex anterior, what is this called?

A

Lordotic curve

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3
Q

The thoracic and sacral region of the spine have a concave anterior and convex posterior, what is this called?

A

Kyphotic curve

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4
Q

What is the junction at the sacrum made up of long axis lumbar region and sacrum that’s usually 130-160 degrees?

A

Lumbrosacral junction

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5
Q

What makes up the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicles, lamina, spinous process and transverse process

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6
Q

What structure lives in the vertebral arch?

A

Spinal cord

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7
Q

What type of vertebra has a small body, large canal, short spinous process, transverse foramen for arteries, and facets that slope up 45 degrees?

A

Cervical vertebra

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8
Q

What type of vertebra has larger bodies, long and downwardly sloping spinous processes, costal facets for rib connection, and facets more vertical in the frontal plane?

A

Thoracic vertebra

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9
Q

What type of vertebra has the largest bodies, large vertebral canal for the spinal cord, wide and short/stout spinous process, largest transverse process that projects furthest laterally, and a well innervated facet with its own capsule?

A

Lumbar vertebra

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10
Q

What are the joints in between the vertebral bodies made of cartilage?

A

Intervertebral discs

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11
Q

The _____ of intervertebral discs has no nerve supply or blood supply, but the _____ has a nerve and blood supply in its outer 1/3 or periphery.

A

Nucleus pulposis; anulus fibrosis

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12
Q

What prevents L5 vertebra from slipping anteriorly off of S1?

A

Iliolumbar ligament

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13
Q

What spinal ligament resists extension?

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

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14
Q

What spinal ligament is well innervated and resists flexion and posterior disc bulging?

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

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15
Q

What spinal ligament rebounds us on return from flexion?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

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16
Q

What spinal ligament runs along the tips of the spinous processes?

A

Supraspinous Ligament

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17
Q

What spinal ligament runs in between the spinous process?

A

Interspinous Ligament

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18
Q

What spinal ligament connects in between transverse processes?

A

Intertransverse Ligament

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19
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia is named based on position to what?

A

Quadratus lumborum

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20
Q

Which structure plays an important role in lumbar stabilization because of its attachments to the lumbar transverse processes and the inner abdominal muscles (internal oblique & transversus abdominis)?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

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21
Q

Name the muscles in the extrinsic superficial and intermediate layers

A

Rhomboids, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapula, serratus posterior (superior/inferior)

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22
Q

Name the muscles of the intrinsic (deep) layer

A

Splenius cervicis and capitis, erector spinae, transversospinalis group

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23
Q

What muscles are active for trunk flexion?

A

Rectus Abdominis, Psoas Major

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24
Q

What muscles are active for trunk extension?

A

Erector spinae, multifidus semispinalis

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25
Q

What muscles are active for side bending?

A

Quadratus lumborum, abdominal obliques

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26
Q

What muscles are responsible for contralateral rotation?

A

External oblique and transversospinalis

27
Q

What muscles are responsible for ipsilateral rotation?

A

Internal oblique and erector spinae

28
Q

The tapering of the spinal cord around the level of L2-3

A

The conus medullaris

29
Q

Part of the cauda equina considered to be a continuation of the spinal cord

A

The filum terminale

30
Q

A patient is admitted complaining of a disc bulge and shows signs and symptoms from L5 nerve being compressed, what vertebra is the disc bulge located at?

A

L4 disc

31
Q

A patient is getting an anterior total hip replacement, what nerve is vulnerable at the femoral triangle in the inguinal ligament?

A

Femoral nerve

32
Q

A patient has paresthesia in their lateral groin due to the inguinal ligament impingement (condition: Meralgia Paresthetica) of what nerve?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

33
Q

Runs from sacrum to ischial spine creating greater & lesser sciatic foramen

A

Sacrospinous ligament

34
Q

Fracture of the pars interarticularis causing slipping of 1 vertebra on top of another

A

Spondylolisthesis

35
Q

What is the disease or process of degeneration in the vertebrae?

A

Spondylosis

36
Q

A picture of a patient’s lumbar vertebrae and discs is shown with the vertebral plates bowing inwards, with complaining of bone density and strength decrease, and increase in compressive forces at the periphery of vertebral body and zygapophyseal joints, what is he suffering from?

A

Aging effects on lumbar vertebrae and discs

37
Q

Narrowing of the vertebral canal, usually causing spinal cord compression

A

Spinal stenosis

38
Q

Narrowing of the intervertebral foramen, usually causing nerve root compression

A

Foraminal stenosis

39
Q

You see a picture of a disc getting pushed towards the annular wall from the nucleus pulposis posterior laterally, what is happening?

A

Disc herniation (bulge)

40
Q

Removal of part of the vertebral arch to alleviate pressure on the spinal cord

A

Laminectomy

41
Q

When two or more vertebrae are fused together (“arthrodesis”) in order to alleviate pressure on neural tissue

A

Lumbar fusion

42
Q

A patient opts to get a lumbar fusion, what are some possible complications?

A

Instability of both joints above and below fusion that cause more back pain

43
Q

Tear of a spinal ligament

A

Lumbar sprain

44
Q

Tear of a lumbar muscle

A

Lumbar strain

45
Q

Involuntary contraction of a lumbar muscle

A

Lumbar spasm

46
Q

What is the cause of a strain?

A

Overly strong contraction, forceful stretching

47
Q

What is the cause of a sprain?

A

Excessive contractions/movements

48
Q

What is the cause of a spasm?

A

Protective mechanism after injury/inflammation

49
Q

What structures of the spine are innervated by recurrent meningeal branches?

A

Fibroskeletal structures and meninges

50
Q

What structures of the spine are innervated by posterior rami?

A

Synovial joints and muscles

51
Q

What is a birth defect where the neural arches fail to develop normally and fuse posterior to vertebral canal?

A

Spina bifida

52
Q

Spina bifida ____ is minor and hidden by skin; spina bifida ____ is more severe and 1 or more arches fail to develop

A

Occulta; cystica

53
Q

No function below head level, diaphragm paralyzed

A

C1-3

54
Q

Quadriplegia, diaphragm partially intact

A

C4-5

55
Q

No hand function, some arm function, shoulder region intact

A

C6-8

56
Q

Paraplegia, no leg function but some trunk function

A

T1-9

57
Q

No quads or lower leg function but some hip flexion intact

A

T10-L1

58
Q

No lower leg function but some quad function

A

L2-3

59
Q

What is an innominate?

A

Hemipelvic regions that form the ring of the pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis)

60
Q

What makes the SI joint so stable?

A

Articular surface having roughened edges that interlock

61
Q

During pregnancy, what happens to the SI joint and ligaments?

A

Laxity of ligament causes lack of interlocking mechanism at SI joints, rotation of pelvis, and increased lumbar lordosis. Can lead to SI joint pain/dysfunction

62
Q

What is it called when pain occurs on the posterior thigh/leg?

A

Sciatica

63
Q

What causes a sciatica?

A

Occurs due to impingement of sciatic nerve roots at spinal level or impingement of sciatic nerve elsewhere

Anatomy (7 decks)

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