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Elbow And Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Define Varus

A

Distal segment of joint moved/positioned in frontal plane towards midline

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2
Q

Define Valgus

A

Distal segment of joint moved/positioned in frontal plane away from midline

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3
Q

Trochlear notch of ulna+ trochlea of humerus

A

Humeral-ulnar joint

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4
Q

Radial fossa of radial head+ capitulum of humerus

A

Humeri-radial joint

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5
Q

Radial head + radial notch of ulna

A

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

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6
Q

Restricts valgus force

A

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)

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7
Q

Restricts varus force

A

Radial collateral ligament (RCL)

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8
Q

Prevents posterior dislocation of radial head

A

Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)

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9
Q

Keeps radial head connected to ulna and allows radial head to spin, allowing pronation/supination

A

Anular ligament

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10
Q

What are the primary and secondary muscles for supination?

A

Primary= biceps brachii
Secondary= supinator

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11
Q

What are the primary and secondary muscles for pronation?

A

Primary= pronation quadratus
Secondary= pronator teres

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12
Q

What three groups are in the anterior forearm?

A

Superficial layer, intermediate layer, and deep layer

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13
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus,flexi carpi ulnaris (FCU)

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14
Q

What muscles are in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

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15
Q

What muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor Pollicis longus (FPL), pronator quadratus

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16
Q

What groups of muscles are in the posterior functional forearm?

A

Wrist extensors, abductors, adductors, digit extensors, and thumb extensors and abductors

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17
Q

What muscles make up the wrist extensors, abductors, and adductors?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

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18
Q

What muscles make up the digit extensors?

A

Extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, and extensor digiti minimi

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19
Q

What muscles make up the thumb extensors and abductors?

A

Abductor Pollicis longus, extensor Pollicis longus (EPL), extensor Pollicis brevis (EPB)

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20
Q

What anatomical groups make up the posterior anatomical forearm?

A

Superficial and deep

21
Q

What muscles make up the superficial area of the posterior anatomical forearm?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extensor digiti minimi

22
Q

What muscles make up the deep area of the posterior anatomical forearm?

A

Supinator, abductor Pollicis longus, extensor Pollicis brevis, extensor Pollicis longus, extensor indicis

23
Q

What muscles help with wrist flexion?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

24
Q

What muscles help with wrist extension?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

25
What muscles help with radial deviation (wrist abduction)?
Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis
26
What muscles help with ulnar deviation (wrist adduction)?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris
27
Map out the arteries from the heart to the radial artery
Heart > brachial artery > radial artery
28
Map out the arteries from the heart through the ulnar artery
Heart > brachial artery > ulnar artery > common interosseous artery > splits into posterior interosseous artery and anterior interosseous artery
29
What happens if the median nerve gets injured?
No proximal IP flexion in digits 2-5 (FDS), no DIP flexion in digits 2-3 (FDP), and no IP flexion in thumb (FPL)
30
What happens if the anterior interosseous nerve gets injured?
Cannot make 👌 sign
31
What happens if ulnar nerve gets injured?
Parasthesias to medial palm/ 1 and 1/2 fingers, pain radiating down medial forearm, and motor loss (hand intrinsics)
32
What happens if deep branch of radial nerve gets injured?
Motor loss, no thumb or metacarpophalangeal extension
33
What does testing the metacarpophalangeal extension find?
If the deep branch of the radial nerve was injured
34
What happens if the superficial branch of the radial nerve is injured?
Minimal sensation loss only due to overlap from median and ulnar nerve’s sensation to wrist and hand
35
What myotomes are for elbow flexion and wrist extension?
C5 but mainly c6
36
What myotome is for elbow extension and wrist flexion?
C7
37
What is a Colles fracture?
A transverse fracture of the radius
38
What are some concurrent injuries (injuries that happen at the same time) associated with elbow dislocation?
Fractures of radial head, coronoid process, or olecranon
39
What is the condition called when subluxation (partial dislocation of joint/organ) of radial head out of anular ligament?
Nursemaid’s elbow
40
What is the condition called where inflammation of the periosteum at lateral epicondyle where common extensor tendon attaches?
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)
41
What is the condition called where direct blows, infection, or repeated pressure/friction on the olecranon bursa enflames it?
Student’s elbow (olecranon bursitis)
42
What is pronator syndrome?
Entrapment of the median nerves as it passes through the two heads of the pronator teres
43
What are the symptoms to pronator syndrome?
Decreased sensation in palmar skin digits 1-3/radial 1/2 of digit 4, weak pronation against resistance
44
What does the radial nerve innervate?
Triceps Anconeus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) Supinator
45
When the radial nerve pierces the supinator what does it named?
Posterior interosseous nerve
46
What does the posterior interosseous nerve innervate?
Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor Pollicis longus, extensor Pollicis brevis, extensor Pollicis longus, extensor indicis (🤟)
47
Radial nerve splits into what two branches after piercing the ECRL?
Superficial branch and deep branch
48
What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve help with?
Sensation to forearm and hand
49
What does the deep branch of the radial nerve help with?
Motor of hand and forearm

Anatomy (8 decks)

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