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Anatomy > Elbow And Forearm > Flashcards

Elbow And Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Define Varus

A

Distal segment of joint moved/positioned in frontal plane towards midline

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2
Q

Define Valgus

A

Distal segment of joint moved/positioned in frontal plane away from midline

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3
Q

Trochlear notch of ulna+ trochlea of humerus

A

Humeral-ulnar joint

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4
Q

Radial fossa of radial head+ capitulum of humerus

A

Humeri-radial joint

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5
Q

Radial head + radial notch of ulna

A

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

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6
Q

Restricts valgus force

A

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)

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7
Q

Restricts varus force

A

Radial collateral ligament (RCL)

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8
Q

Prevents posterior dislocation of radial head

A

Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)

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9
Q

Keeps radial head connected to ulna and allows radial head to spin, allowing pronation/supination

A

Anular ligament

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10
Q

What are the primary and secondary muscles for supination?

A

Primary= biceps brachii
Secondary= supinator

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11
Q

What are the primary and secondary muscles for pronation?

A

Primary= pronation quadratus
Secondary= pronator teres

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12
Q

What three groups are in the anterior forearm?

A

Superficial layer, intermediate layer, and deep layer

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13
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus,flexi carpi ulnaris (FCU)

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14
Q

What muscles are in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

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15
Q

What muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor Pollicis longus (FPL), pronator quadratus

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16
Q

What groups of muscles are in the posterior functional forearm?

A

Wrist extensors, abductors, adductors, digit extensors, and thumb extensors and abductors

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17
Q

What muscles make up the wrist extensors, abductors, and adductors?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

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18
Q

What muscles make up the digit extensors?

A

Extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, and extensor digiti minimi

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19
Q

What muscles make up the thumb extensors and abductors?

A

Abductor Pollicis longus, extensor Pollicis longus (EPL), extensor Pollicis brevis (EPB)

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20
Q

What anatomical groups make up the posterior anatomical forearm?

A

Superficial and deep

21
Q

What muscles make up the superficial area of the posterior anatomical forearm?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extensor digiti minimi

22
Q

What muscles make up the deep area of the posterior anatomical forearm?

A

Supinator, abductor Pollicis longus, extensor Pollicis brevis, extensor Pollicis longus, extensor indicis

23
Q

What muscles help with wrist flexion?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

24
Q

What muscles help with wrist extension?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

25
Q

What muscles help with radial deviation (wrist abduction)?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

26
Q

What muscles help with ulnar deviation (wrist adduction)?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris

27
Q

Map out the arteries from the heart to the radial artery

A

Heart > brachial artery > radial artery

28
Q

Map out the arteries from the heart through the ulnar artery

A

Heart > brachial artery > ulnar artery > common interosseous artery > splits into posterior interosseous artery and anterior interosseous artery

29
Q

What happens if the median nerve gets injured?

A

No proximal IP flexion in digits 2-5 (FDS), no DIP flexion in digits 2-3 (FDP), and no IP flexion in thumb (FPL)

30
Q

What happens if the anterior interosseous nerve gets injured?

A

Cannot make 👌 sign

31
Q

What happens if ulnar nerve gets injured?

A

Parasthesias to medial palm/ 1 and 1/2 fingers, pain radiating down medial forearm, and motor loss (hand intrinsics)

32
Q

What happens if deep branch of radial nerve gets injured?

A

Motor loss, no thumb or metacarpophalangeal extension

33
Q

What does testing the metacarpophalangeal extension find?

A

If the deep branch of the radial nerve was injured

34
Q

What happens if the superficial branch of the radial nerve is injured?

A

Minimal sensation loss only due to overlap from median and ulnar nerve’s sensation to wrist and hand

35
Q

What myotomes are for elbow flexion and wrist extension?

A

C5 but mainly c6

36
Q

What myotome is for elbow extension and wrist flexion?

A

C7

37
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

A transverse fracture of the radius

38
Q

What are some concurrent injuries (injuries that happen at the same time) associated with elbow dislocation?

A

Fractures of radial head, coronoid process, or olecranon

39
Q

What is the condition called when subluxation (partial dislocation of joint/organ) of radial head out of anular ligament?

A

Nursemaid’s elbow

40
Q

What is the condition called where inflammation of the periosteum at lateral epicondyle where common extensor tendon attaches?

A

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

41
Q

What is the condition called where direct blows, infection, or repeated pressure/friction on the olecranon bursa enflames it?

A

Student’s elbow (olecranon bursitis)

42
Q

What is pronator syndrome?

A

Entrapment of the median nerves as it passes through the two heads of the pronator teres

43
Q

What are the symptoms to pronator syndrome?

A

Decreased sensation in palmar skin digits 1-3/radial 1/2 of digit 4, weak pronation against resistance

44
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Triceps
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Supinator

45
Q

When the radial nerve pierces the supinator what does it named?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

46
Q

What does the posterior interosseous nerve innervate?

A

Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor Pollicis longus, extensor Pollicis brevis, extensor Pollicis longus, extensor indicis (🤟)

47
Q

Radial nerve splits into what two branches after piercing the ECRL?

A

Superficial branch and deep branch

48
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve help with?

A

Sensation to forearm and hand

49
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve help with?

A

Motor of hand and forearm

Anatomy (7 decks)

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