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RHS Level 2 Unit 2 > Short Term Plantings - Topic 2 (Planting Styles), Element 7 > Flashcards

Short Term Plantings - Topic 2 (Planting Styles), Element 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are short-term plantings?

A

Plantings intended to last only for a season or a growing season, rather than year after year.

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2
Q

What is traditional bedding in horticulture?

A

Transient planting consisting of hardy and half-hardy annuals and short-lived perennials, popular since the Victorian era.

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3
Q

What is carpet bedding?

A

An extreme type of bedding display where intricate patterns are created with low growing annuals.

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4
Q

How is carpet bedding visually appreciated?

A

Best viewed from above or on a slope facing the viewer.

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5
Q

What defines three-dimensional bedding?

A

Closely planted floral structures that create focal points, often seen at major flower shows.

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6
Q

What is the difference between beds and bedding?

A

A bed is an area of open soil delimited by an edge, while bedding refers to a collection of plants used for a temporary display.

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7
Q

What are the two broad structural categories of beds?

A
  • Island beds
  • Borders
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8
Q

What are the components of bedding designs?

A
  • Edging plants
  • Groundwork (infill) plants
  • Dot plants
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9
Q

What is the purpose of annual meadows?

A

To provide an impactful display of colour during the summer.

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10
Q

How are bulbs used in short-term displays?

A

They provide spring and sometimes autumn displays, planted en masse for swathes of colour.

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11
Q

What is a negative impact of short-term plantings?

A

Use of resources such as energy, peat, growing media, water, land, and plastic.

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12
Q

What are key characteristics of bedding plants?

A
  • Bright flowers or foliage
  • Floriferous
  • Consistent in size and features
  • Propagate easily
  • Cost-effective propagation
  • Fast-growing
  • Transplant well
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13
Q

What types of annuals are used for short-term displays?

A
  • Hardy annuals
  • Half-hardy annuals
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14
Q

What defines half-hardy annuals?

A

Long-lived plants susceptible to damage from frosts, often discarded after display.

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15
Q

What are some examples of hardy annuals?

A
  • Lobularia maritima
  • Calendula officinalis
  • Iberis umbellata
  • Limnanthes douglasii
  • Centaurea cyanus
  • Nigella damascena
  • Lathyrus odorata
  • Nemophila menziesii
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16
Q

What are the uses of hardy perennials in short-term plantings?

A

Provide focal points and striking foliage for winter bedding schemes.

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17
Q

What are short-lived perennials?

A

Plants that live for more than two years but are often discarded after one growing season.

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18
Q

What is the role of bulbs in late winter to early spring displays?

A

Provide colour and texture while deciduous plants are dormant.

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19
Q

What are some examples of bulbs suitable for spring displays?

A
  • Galanthus nivalis
  • Iris reticulata
  • Narcissus species
  • Tulipa species
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20
Q

What is a common characteristic of tender perennials used in bedding?

A

They die once frosts occur, commonly used in winter and spring bedding schemes.

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21
Q

What plants are often treated as annuals despite being perennials?

A

Short-lived perennials, such as Echinacea purpurea and Gaillardia x grandiflora.

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22
Q

What is a positive impact of short-term plantings on wildlife?

A

Provide nectar and pollen for pollinating insects.

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23
Q

True or False: Bedding schemes can only include annuals.

A

False

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The highly coloured and elaborate planting schemes associated with bedding developed during the _______ era.

A

Victorian

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25
Q

What is the significance of flowering times in short-term plantings?

A

They dictate the transition from spring to summer bedding and ensure interest through the season.

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26
Q

What is the primary purpose of using tropical plants in bedding schemes?

A

To create a striking focal point or centerpiece due to their large, interesting colors.

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27
Q

What is the common name for Nerine bowdenii?

A

Bowden Lily

It has bright pink firework-like flowers.

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28
Q

When do Colchicum speciosum flowers appear?

A

In Autumn

The foliage appears in Spring.

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29
Q

Name a plant suitable for Spring bedding.

A

Myosotis sylvatica

Other options include Primula (Polyanthus type) and Hyacinthus orientalis.

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30
Q

Which plant is commonly used for Summer bedding?

A

Salvia splendens

Other examples include Petunia x hybrida and Tagetes patula.

31
Q

Define ‘groundwork’ in the context of summer bedding.

A

Plants that play the main role in the display, uniform in height and grown for colour

Classic plants include Pelargonium zonale.

32
Q

What are ‘dot plants’?

A

Focal points that are taller than groundwork and grown for flower colour

Classic plants include Canna indica.

33
Q

What is the purpose of edging plants?

A

To frame the main display with a single or double row of lower plants

Examples include Lobelia erinus and Viola x wittrockiana.

34
Q

What types of plants are suitable for winter bedding?

A

Hardy foliage and winter-flowering species

These are discussed in relation to container planting.

35
Q

What characterizes carpet bedding?

A

Use of bushy foliage plants that may need to be pinched out several times

Examples include Antennaria dioica and Chamaemelum nobile ‘Treneague’.

36
Q

What is a key feature of containers and baskets in planting?

A

Allows for experimentation and displays in unconventional locations

Containers can create focal points and rhythm in a garden.

37
Q

What plants are recommended for a summer patio pot?

A

Vibrant bedding plants

Alternatively, herbs, small shrubs, and evergreens can be used for a longer-lasting display.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: For a showy display, combine Pelargonium ‘Apple Blossom Rosebud’ at the _______.

A

centre

Surround it with Jacobaea maritima ‘Cirrus’ and edge with Lobelia erinus ‘Sapphire’.

39
Q

What is a key objective for hanging baskets?

A

To cover the container so it doesn’t show

Trailing plants are very popular for this purpose.

40
Q

What type of plants are suitable for window boxes?

A

Similar to those for other containers

Tougher plants are needed for higher window boxes to resist wind.

41
Q

What types of species are found in wild meadows?

A

A mix of grasses and perennial eudicot species

Annual meadows consist mainly of annual eudicots.

42
Q

List some traditional UK ‘cornfield’ annual species suitable for an annual meadow.

A
  • Centaurea cyanus
  • Papaver rhoeas
  • Agrostemma githago
  • Glebionis segetum

These species are known for their historical presence in British agriculture.

43
Q

True or False: Environmental costs are associated with rearing, transporting, and maintaining short-term displays.

A

True

The lesson explores ways to reduce these environmental impacts.

44
Q

What are the characteristics of plants suitable for short-term plant displays?

A
  • Bright flowers or foliage
  • Floriferous (lots of flowers)
  • Consistent in size and features
  • Propagate easily
  • Propagation cost-effective
  • Fast-growing
  • Transplant well

These characteristics help create attractive and eye-catching displays.

45
Q

What types of plants are suitable for seasonal displays?

A
  • Annuals
  • Half-hardy annuals
  • Bulbs
  • Shrubs
  • Short-lived perennials

These categories encompass a variety of plants used in seasonal plantings.

46
Q

True or False: Hardy annuals can be used as bedding plants.

A

True

Hardy annuals can also serve as container plants or features in permanent meadow or grassland plantings.

47
Q

What is a key feature of hardy annuals in short-term displays?

A

The design and theme can be easily altered from one year to another

This flexibility allows experimentation with color, texture, and form.

48
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are known for their bright orange daisy-like flowers and aromatic leaves.

A

Calendula officinalis

Commonly known as Pot Marigold.

49
Q

What are the maintenance requirements important for short-term planting?

A
  • Water requirements
  • Regular irrigation availability
  • Disease resistance
  • Performance in specific growing conditions

These factors influence the success of short-term plantings.

50
Q

What are half-hardy annuals often susceptible to?

A

Frosts

Many half-hardy annuals are actually long-lived plants that can suffer damage from cold temperatures.

51
Q

Provide examples of hardy annuals used for short-term displays.

A
  • Lobularia maritima ‘Snowdrift’
  • Calendula officinalis
  • Iberis umbellata
  • Centaurea cyanus
  • Nigella damascena
  • Lathyrus odoratus
  • Limnanthes douglasii
  • Nemophila menziesii

These plants are known for their suitability in short-term displays.

52
Q

What are the advantages of using hardy perennials in short-term displays?

A
  • Provide a focal point
  • Useful in Winter bedding schemes
  • Often have striking foliage color
  • Provide height to plantings

Hardy perennials can enhance the visual interest of displays.

53
Q

True or False: Tender perennials can survive frost without any protection.

A

False

Tender perennials typically die once the frost occurs.

54
Q

What is the main benefit of using bulbs in short-term plantings?

A

They provide color and texture when little else is on show

Bulbs that flower from late Autumn to early Spring are particularly valuable.

55
Q

Which of the following plants can be used for Spring bedding?
A. Hyacinthus orientalis
B. Tagetes patula
C. Myosotis sylvatica
D. Salvia splendens

A

A. Hyacinthus orientalis
C. Myosotis sylvatica

These plants are appropriate for Spring bedding as they flower at the right time.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is often referred to as the classic late Winter bulb.

A

Galanthus nivalis

Known as Snowdrop.

57
Q

What defines short-lived perennials?

A

They can survive past the end of the growing season but are often discarded and replaced

Examples include Echinacea purpurea and Gaillardia × grandiflora.

58
Q

What is the purpose of using architectural plants in bedding schemes?

A

To provide lush foliage and bold colors

Examples include Musa basjoo and Canna ‘Amundsen’.

59
Q

Which plants are appropriate for Spring bedding?

A

osotis sylvatica, Erysimum ‘Bowles’s Mauve’, Primula (polyanthus type)

These plants flower at the right time of year and meet various criteria for Spring bedding.

60
Q

Which plants are more suitable for Summer bedding?

A

Nigella damascena, Salvia splendens, Tagetes patula, Petunia × hybrida

These plants are selected for their suitability for Summer bedding.

61
Q

What are ‘dot plants’ in a bedding scheme?

A

Canna indica, Ricinus communis, Phormium tenax

Dot plants are the largest, most architectural plants chosen for a bedding scheme.

62
Q

What constitutes ‘groundwork’ in a bedding scheme?

A

Salvia splendens, Pelargonium zonale, Tagetes erecta

Groundwork consists of the larger, floriferous plants that cover the main area of the bed.

63
Q

What plants are used for ‘edging’ in a bedding scheme?

A

Begonia semperflorens, Lobelia erinus, Viola × wittrockiana

Edging plants are lower-growing and delineate the bedding scheme.

64
Q

True or False: Edging and groundwork plants can be used interchangeably.

A

True

The use of edging and groundwork plants depends on the specific design of the bedding scheme.

65
Q

What type of plants are used for Winter bedding?

A

Hardy foliage and Winter-flowering species

These plants are essential for Autumn and Winter displays.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: Foliage plants are usually used for _______.

A

carpet bedding

Carpet bedding requires bushy, low-growing, compact plants.

67
Q

Which plants are appropriate for carpet bedding?

A

Antennaria dioica, Tagetes patula, Chamaemelum nobile ‘Treneague’, Echeveria secunda, Spiraea japonica MAGIC CARPET

These plants are bushy and suitable for the low-growing requirements of carpet bedding.

68
Q

What is the advantage of using containers for planting?

A

Allows experimentation and enables plants to be displayed in otherwise unsuitable locations

Containers can be focal points and create rhythm in garden design.

69
Q

What types of plants are suitable for Summer container displays?

A

Vibrant bedding plants, herbs, small shrubs, evergreens

These plants provide texture and color for longer-lasting displays.

70
Q

Which set of plants is suggested for Winter/Spring baskets?

A

Set 1: Viola ‘Super Beaconsfield’, Viola ‘Floral Dance White’, Fuchsia ‘Thalia’, Hedera helix (variegated cultivars)

This set includes plants suitable for the colder seasons.

71
Q

What is a key objective for hanging baskets?

A

To cover the container so it doesn’t show

Trailing plants are popular for achieving this effect.

72
Q

Which two wildflower mixes are suitable for an annual meadow?

A

Centaurea cyanus, Papaver rhoeas, Agrostemma githago, Glebionis segetum; Ammi majus, Cosmos bipinnatus, Eschscholzia californica, Papaver rhoeas

These mixes provide bright color and value for pollinators.

73
Q

What is a consideration for plants in window boxes?

A

They need to be tougher to resist wind cut

The height above ground influences the durability required for plants in window boxes.

RHS Level 2 Unit 2 (22 decks)

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