Flower Adaptations - Topic 1 (Plant Science II), Element 4 Flashcards

Question

What is the benefit of cross-pollination?

Answer 1

Increases genetic diversity and resilience in a species or population

Answer 2

Self-pollination

Answer 3

Male flower parts on a plant mature before the female flower parts

Answer 4

Female flower parts on a plant mature before the male flower parts

Answer 5

Plants have more than one form of flower

Answer 6

Calyx ## Footnote The calyx is made up of sepals.

Answer 7

To attract pollinators ## Footnote Petals are usually brightly colored.

Answer 8

The whorl that contains female parts ## Footnote It includes the ovary, style, and stigma.

Answer 9

The whorl that contains male parts ## Footnote It consists of stamens, which are made of anther and filament.

Answer 10

Flowers on plant have both female and male parts ## Footnote This allows for self-fertilization in some cases.

Answer 11

Female and male parts are in separate flowers on the same plant ## Footnote Examples include corn and zucchini.

Answer 12

Female and male parts are in separate flowers on different plants ## Footnote Examples include holly and kiwifruit.

Answer 13

Axillary and terminal ## Footnote Axillary inflorescence occurs in the leaf axils while terminal occurs at the end of a stem.

Answer 14

Repeating pairs of flowers ## Footnote It is a type of determinate inflorescence.

Answer 15

Umbrella-like, with flowers arising from a central point ## Footnote Commonly seen in plants like carrots.

Answer 16

Flowers coming off a central stem with no pedicels ## Footnote Common in grasses.

Answer 17

A collection of racemes ## Footnote It is a branched type of inflorescence.

Answer 18

A flat-topped flowerhead with pedicels of different lengths ## Footnote This allows all flowers to be on the same plane.

Answer 19

Has a texture that helps it attach to the bodies and fur of insects ## Footnote It is insect pollinated.

Answer 20

Smooth texture and twin air bladders ## Footnote These adaptations help it catch the wind.

Answer 21

False ## Footnote It is adapted for moth pollination.

Answer 22

Pale color, scent, tubular shape ## Footnote They are often open at night and angled to face hovering moths.

Answer 23

A landing platform, sturdy flowers, and white color ## Footnote Bright patterns visible under UV light also guide bees.

Answer 24

Pollen from a plant cannot fertilize flowers in the same plant ## Footnote This promotes genetic diversity.

Answer 25

Plants have more than one form of flower ## Footnote It can help prevent self-pollination.

Answer 26

Male flower parts mature before female flower parts ## Footnote It reduces self-pollination opportunities.

Answer 27

Female flower parts mature before male flower parts ## Footnote This also helps reduce self-pollination.

Answer 28

Features that enhance reproductive success, including: * Flower arrangements * Timing of flowering * Petals (bright/reduced) * Scent * Nectar * Hermaphrodite * Monoecious * Dioecious * Quantity and characteristics of pollen ## Footnote Flower adaptations are crucial for horticulture and biodiversity.

Answer 29

Uses include: * Planting/design styles * Supporting pollinators * Enhancing biodiversity ## Footnote Understanding these uses allows for better garden planning and ecological support.

Answer 30

Knowing flowering times helps in: * Planning harvests * Timing for pollination * Ensuring multiple plants for cross-pollination ## Footnote Self-fertile cultivars can be advantageous in certain situations.

Answer 31

A meadow designed to: * Look attractive * Support pollinators * Feature brightly coloured, open-flowered species ## Footnote Examples include species like Cosmos bipinnatus and Papaver rhoeas.

Answer 32

Key features include: * Coordinated flowering times * Mass flowering for visual impact * Long-term planning for flowering species ## Footnote Examples include spring bulbs like Tulipa and summer bedding plants.

Answer 33

Scents can be a reason to select plants for: * Aesthetic appeal * Seasonal interest * Attracting pollinators ## Footnote Plants like Hamamelis mollis and Daphne mezereum provide both beauty and fragrance.

Answer 34

Both female and male plants are needed because: * Only female plants produce berries * Male plants are necessary for pollination ## Footnote Examples include Ilex and Skimmia.

Answer 35

True ## Footnote However, some flowers are more accessible to a wider range of insects.

Answer 36

Plants may employ methods such as: * Mimicking other species * Offering rewards of nectar or pollen ## Footnote Orchid mimicry is a notable example.

Answer 37

It ensures: * Continuous food supply for adult insects * Development of larvae * Shelter for overwintering insects ## Footnote Plants like Phacelia tanacetifolia help extend the flowering season.

Answer 38

Pollinators contribute to biodiversity by: * Supporting wild plant reproduction * Serving as prey for other animals * Providing habitat and shelter ## Footnote The overlap between supporting pollinators and overall biodiversity is significant.

Answer 39

[self-incompatible] ## Footnote Horticulturists must ensure planting partners for pollination.

Answer 40

Primarily: * Bees (honeybees, bumblebees) * Wasps * Flies * Moths * Butterflies * Beetles ## Footnote These insects play crucial roles in pollinating garden plants and crops.