Community - Topic 3 (Horticulture and Society), Element 4 Flashcards
What is community gardening?
A way to create beautiful, productive, and inclusive spaces for sharing knowledge and skills
What are the benefits of community gardening?
Positive impacts on physical and mental health, improvements to environment and economy
What is the primary drive behind community horticulture projects?
To improve the lives of local people through gardening and gardens
List types of community horticulture projects.
- Allotments
- Community veg gardens or orchards
- Community kitchens
- Sensory/therapeutic gardens
- National community garden competitions
- Social enterprises
- Parks and public green spaces
- Urban greening groups
- Garden volunteer groups
What are the four distinct groups of community horticulture projects?
- Community food
- Public spaces
- Wellbeing
- Wildlife gardening
What is a key aim of community food projects?
Growing fresh food together and sharing the garden produce
What is the role of public spaces in community horticulture?
Improving the physical spaces that the community inhabit
How does community gardening enhance wellbeing?
Through therapeutic gardens and social connections
What is wildlife gardening often included for?
Nature connection benefits, engaging with local conservation, and improving biodiversity
What are the main reasons behind community horticulture projects?
- To make beautiful spaces
- To improve peoples’ health and wellbeing
- To strengthen communities
- To increase biodiversity
- To reduce the impacts of climate change
What is one social benefit of community horticulture?
Enhances physical health and wellbeing of individuals
True or False: Community gardening only focuses on food production.
False
Fill in the blank: The more appealing a space is, the more people want to get involved in helping to _______.
[maintain the space]
What is a major positive impact of community gardening regarding food?
Moving away from reliance on global food systems
What principles must be adhered to in community gardening?
Sustainability, best practice, and social responsibility
What are community food projects primarily focused on?
Allowing local people to take control of food sources and strengthening community spirit
What is the key aim of community food projects?
Growing food and sharing produce
What are allotments?
Small parcels of land dedicated to growing fruits, vegetables, culinary herbs, and other plants
How can allotments be managed?
Council run, privately managed, or community owned
What social benefits do allotments provide to communities?
- Opportunity to grow fresh produce
- Skill sharing
- Meeting like-minded people
- Sense of ownership and pride
What is a key environmental benefit of allotments?
They provide habitats for wildlife and contribute to biodiversity restoration
What distinguishes community vegetable gardens from allotments?
They are often smaller scale and more informal
What are some forms of community vegetable gardens?
- Co-operative community enterprises
- Guerrilla gardening
- Any community project with produce growing
What benefits do community orchards provide?
- Food for pollinators
- Shade
- Fresh fruit
- Learning opportunities
What is the purpose of community kitchens?
To share the preparation, cooking, and eating of local, fresh, seasonal food
What social issues do community kitchens address?
- Food insecurity
- Isolation
- Loneliness
What is Get Growing Scotland?
A collaborative project supporting community food projects in Scotland
What services does Get Growing Scotland provide?
- Free advice service
- Workshops
- Funding
What is the role of FareShare and FoodCycle?
To prevent food waste and redistribute food to communities
What percentage of land in Havana is cultivated for food production?
8%
What percentage of fruit and vegetables consumed in Havana is produced locally?
Around 90%
What potential reduction in imported fruit could community food projects in the UK achieve?
40%
True or False: Community food projects can contribute to combating food insecurity.
True
Fill in the blank: Community food projects help strengthen _______.
relationships
What are public spaces that provide opportunities for community horticulture?
Parks, public green spaces, heritage gardens
These spaces facilitate community engagement, learning, and social events.
What is the estimated number of people participating in national horticultural campaigns like Britain in Bloom?
200,000 people
These campaigns help plant spaces within communities and address environmental problems.
What are some positive effects of community horticulture in public spaces?
- Beautifying places
- Increased sense of community pride
- Restoration of neglected spaces
- Ecosystem and environmental benefits
- Cleaner air
- Improved wellbeing
- Encourages use of spaces
What role do ‘Friends of’ groups play in public green spaces?
They support maintenance and volunteer tasks in parks
Tasks can include litter picking, planting, and running workshops.
What has been a recent trend in the management of parks and green spaces?
Community ownership and management roles
This trend allows communities more influence over local parks.
What is Britain in Bloom?
A national community garden campaign to improve local green spaces
Involves over 2000 neighborhoods and approximately 200,000 volunteers.
List some benefits of participating in Britain in Bloom.
- Cleaner, greener surroundings
- Increased community pride
- Development of community relationships
- Safer environments
- Long-term environmental impacts
- Reduced anti-social behaviour
- Positive effects on local economy
- Regeneration of neglected areas
Why are historic gardens and designed landscapes considered fragile?
They require structured management to prevent overgrowth and weeds
Living natural resources need ongoing care to maintain their significance.
What percentage of sites managed by English Heritage are deemed ‘at risk’?
90%
This is due to a lack of long-term management and maintenance plans.
What is urban greening?
Introducing plants to urban environments
Can include small-scale plots or large-scale neighborhood regeneration.
What are green roofs and urban roof gardens used for?
Growing plants for food production, aesthetics, or environmental benefits
They utilize unused urban space.
What is guerrilla gardening?
A social movement to plant in neglected urban spaces
Often focuses on filling bare patches with plants, including food.
What was the purpose of the RHS Urban gardening show?
To provide an immersive experience related to urban horticulture
It showcased various aspects of urban gardening.
What is meant by community health?
All factors within a community that affect the health and wellbeing of individuals and the community as a whole
This includes air quality, access to healthy foods, social connectivity, and prevalence of health issues.
How do community gardens contribute to wellbeing?
They provide social inclusion, learning opportunities, skill development, and access to fresh produce
Community horticulture projects serve as a resource for addressing social needs.
What are the two mechanisms by which plants improve air quality?
Dispersion and deposition
Dispersion spreads particulate matter over a wider area, while deposition attaches particles to surfaces.
By what percentage did green screens reduce Nitrogen Dioxide in a London study?
36%
The study also found a 41% reduction in particulate matter.
What is the temperature reduction effect of street trees and green infrastructure?
2-8ºC
This effect is achieved by casting shade and absorbing solar energy.
How many extra deaths occur for every degree of increase in air temperature during UK summer heatwaves?
8-11 extra deaths
This highlights the importance of urban greening in reducing heat-related stress.
What is a significant issue caused by increased impermeable surfaces in urban areas?
Increased surface water runoff
This leads to flooding, particularly in the UK.
By what percentage can natural vegetation reduce surface water runoff?
Up to 80%
Natural vegetation helps absorb water and manage rainfall effectively.
What is the process called that allows trees to reduce the impact of rainfall?
Interception
This process disrupts rainfall hitting the ground, allowing evaporation back into the atmosphere.
How much can woodland ‘noise buffers’ reduce noise pollution?
5 - 10 decibels for every 30m width of woodland
This can effectively result in a 50% reduction in perceived sound.
True or False: Wildlife garden projects can provide educational resources.
True
These projects can include activities like building ponds and wildflower meadows.
What are key elements in attracting wildlife to gardens?
Creating habitats, providing food and water
These elements are essential for supporting wildlife in community gardens.
Fill in the blank: Community horticulture projects provide a wide range of _______.
[services]
These services address social needs and promote wellbeing.
