Short Term Effects of Exercise (PAPER 1)

Question 1

what are the short term effects of exesize of the muscular system

Answer 1

Lactate Accumulation
Muscle Fatigue
Recovery

Question 2

Lactate Accumulation

Answer 2

If the activity has anaerobic elements, (which most do), then lactic acid will accumulate relatively quickly.

A build-up of lactic acid results in muscle fatigue —————>

Sporting Example: Towards the end of a hockey match, where a player has been working anaerobically throughout, they will experience lactate accumulation and therefore find it difficult to sprint towards the end of a match

Question 3

Muscle Fatigue

Answer 3

This is a reduction in the muscles ability to produce force

Muscle fatigue is painful and reduces performance

Long distance runners often experience muscle fatigue at the end of a race e.g the London Marathon

Question 4

Recovery

Answer 4

Oxygen Debt is created when muscles work anaerobically

When you stop exercising your cardiovascular and respiratory systems continue to work

Collectively, they help repay the debt and replenish the working muscles with oxygen

The runner is taking in lots of deep breaths; these breaths have a high frequency and
a high tidal volume

Question 5

short term Effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular System

Answer 5

Heart Rate (HR) - Increases = pumping more blood (therefore oxygen) around the body to the working muscles.

Stroke Volume (SV) -Increases = pumping more blood (therefore oxygen) around the body to the working muscles.

Cardiac Output (Q) - Increases = pumping more blood (therefore oxygen) around the body to the working muscles.

Question 6

short term effects of exercise on the vascular system

Answer 6

Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation

Question 7

Vasoconstriction

Answer 7

The narrowing of the internal diameter (lumen) of a blood vessel to restrict the volume of blood travelling through it. The arteries constrict so that less blood is delivered to inactive areas.

Question 8

Vasodilation

Answer 8

the widening of the lumen of a blood vessel to increase the volume of blood travelling through it. The arteries dilate during exercise so that more blood is delivered to active areas, increasing their oxygen supply.

Question 9

short term effects on the respiratory system

Answer 9

Tidal Volume (depth) of breathing increases
Frequency of breathing increases so oxygen debt can be repaid more quickly, getting rid of the lactic acid more quickly.