Movement Analysis (PAPER 1)

Question 1

what is the sagittal plane? what movements are allowed?

Answer 1

The sagittal plane divides the left and right side of the body, vertically.
Flexion
&
Extension eg sommersault

Question 2

what is the frontal plane? what movments are allwed?

Answer 2

The frontal plane divides the front and the back of the body, vertically.
Abduction
&
Adduction
eg cartwheele

Question 3

what is the transverse plane? what movments are allowed?

Answer 3

The transverse plane divides the top and the bottom of the body, horizontally.
rotation eg pirouette

Question 4

what is the sagittal axis? and what does sit allow?

Answer 4

The sagittal axis passes horizontally through the body from front to back, allowing rotation

Question 5

what is the frontal axis? and what does it allow?

Answer 5

The frontal axis passes horizontally through the body from left to right, allowing rotation

Question 6

what is the vertical axis? and what does it allow?

Answer 6

The vertical axis goes from top to bottom.
rotation of the body in an upright position.

Question 7

what is a plane?

Answer 7

an imaginary line diving the body in two.

Question 8

what is an axis?

Answer 8

an imaginary line around which a body or body part can turn

Question 9

three types of lever systems:

Answer 9

First Class 1 F
Second Class 2 L
Third Class 3 E

Question 10

There are 3 main components to a lever:

Answer 10

Fulcrum
Load
Effort

Question 11

Fulcrum

Answer 11

the fixed pivot point (joints)

Question 12

Load

Answer 12

the weight/resistance to be moved (object/body weight)

Question 13

Effort

Answer 13

The source of energy that will do the work (muscles)

Question 14

examples of first class leavers:

Answer 14

The fulcrum lies between the effort and load.
Extension in a Tricep dips

Question 15

example of a second class leaver

Answer 15

The load lies between the fulcrum and the effort
ANKLE ONLY
When jumping or moving upwards the gastrocnemius provides the effort to push the ball of the foot, lifting the body in the air.

Question 16

example of a third class leaver

Answer 16

The effort lies between the fulcrum and the load resistance.
During the upward phase of a bicep curl the biceps provides the effort to cause flexion at the elbow lifting the weight

Question 17

what symbol is a fulcrum

Answer 17

triangle

Question 18

what symbol is a load

Answer 18

square

Question 19

what symbol is an effort

Answer 19

arrow

Question 20

Lever Arms

Answer 20

Effort Arm
Load Arm

Question 21

Effort Arm:

Answer 21

distance from the effort to the fulcrum

Question 22

Load Arm:

Answer 22

from the load to the fulcrum

Question 23

Mechanical Advantage

Answer 23

Mechanical Advantage measures the efficiency of a lever

Question 24

Levers can have a:

Answer 24

High Mechanical Advantage
Low Mechanical Advantage

Question 25

high mechanical advantage:

Answer 25

effort arm is longer than load arm = move large loads with little effort

Question 26

low mechanical advantage:

Answer 26

effort arm is shorter than load arm = can’t overcome resistance or heavy loads even with the same amount of effort due to the position of the fulcrum

Question 27

mechanical advantage of a 1st class leaver

Answer 27

can move a large load with little effort

Question 28

mechanical disadvantage of a 1st class leaver

Answer 28

not able to move a load as far or as fast as a third class leaver

Question 29

mechanical advantage of a 2nd class leaver

Answer 29

can move a large load with little effort

Question 30

mechanical disadvantage of a 2nd class leaver

Answer 30

not able to move a load as far or as fast as a third class leaver

Question 31

mechanical advantage of a 3rd class leaver

Answer 31

load moves further giving a wide range of movement so can gain speed

Question 32

mechanical disadvantage of a 3rd class leaver

Answer 32

effort arm is short so muscle has to work harder to lift the load, the effort required is greater than the force exerted by the load