Short & Long Term Memory Functions

Question 1

In Atkinson & Shiffrin’s (1974) Modal Model of Human Memory, what are the 2 things that happen during the transformation of memory from the sensory registration to the STM?

Answer 1

Apprehension & Decay

Question 2

In Atkinson & Shiffrin’s (1974) Modal Model of Human Memory, which the 2 things that happen during the transformation of memory from the sensory registration to the STM is info brought into our conscious working memory from sensory memory?

Answer 2

Apprehension

Question 3

In Atkinson & Shiffrin’s (1974) Modal Model of Human Memory, which of the 2 things that happen during the transformation of memory from the sensory registration to the STM is info that is quickly lost to make room for new info?

Answer 3

Decay

Question 4

In Atkinson & Shiffrin’s (1974) Modal Model of Human Memory, which the 2 things that happen during the transformation of memory from the sensory registration to the STM is the amount of info that can be brought into our conscious working memory from sensory memory in one instance?

Answer 4

Span of Apprehension

Question 5

Who demonstrated span of apprehension using black beans thrown on a white piece of paper?

Answer 5

Jevons (1871)

Question 6

According to Jevons (1871) experiement using black beans what percentage of the time the 4 beans were accurately counted?

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

Who thought apprehension span was longer b/c the decay removes info for new info; he used an experiment with 12 letters and came up with partial report technique?

Answer 7

Sperling (1960)

Question 8

According to Sperling (1960) 12 letter experiment what was the average # of letters recalled and percentage for the “whole” report?

Answer 8

4-5 & 35%

Question 9

According to Sperling (1960) 12 letter experiment what was the percentage for the “partial” report?

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

Sperling (1960) called participants reporting only what they saw from 1 area (12 letters 3 rows of 4 letters)?

Answer 10

Partial Report Technique

Question 11

On average we apprehend ??% of info & ??% decays?

Answer 11

33% & 67%

Question 12

In experimenting with STM who demonstrated that we can recall 7 (+-2) so 5-9 items in STM w/o using LTM?

Answer 12

Miller

Question 13

In dealing with STM what 2 people experimented by trying to see how long people could hold 3 numbers & letters in there head on average 20 seconds?

Answer 13

Brown & Petterson

Question 14

Who was the founder of scientific research on memory w/ nonsense syllables to see how much we forget & came up with the ‘forgetting curve”?

Answer 14

Ebbinghaus (1880)

Question 15

In LTM what is it called when you’re given a list to remember, you remember the 1st & last things?

Answer 15

Primacy & Recency

Question 16

In LTM when given a list to remember which reason why you remember something has more time with less interference?

Answer 16

Primacy

Question 17

In LTM when given a list to remember which reason why you remember something its from within the last 20 seconds?

Answer 17

Recency

Question 18

In STM if you piece items of info in clusters together to store them in your LTM what are you doing?

Answer 18

Chunking

Question 19

Who argued that our STM should be measured in chunks rather than individual traits?

Answer 19

Miller (1957)

Question 20

What are the 3 sections in Baddeley’s Working Memory Model?

Answer 20

The Central Executive, Phonological Loop, & VisuoSpatial Sketch Pad

Question 21

Which of the 3 sections in Baddeley’s Working Memory Model is in charge of planning future actions, initiating retrieval & decision processes as necessary & integrating info coming in from our sensory registers?

Answer 21

The Central Executive

Question 22

Which of the 3 sections in Baddeley’s Working Memory Model is the speech & sound related component responsible for rehearsal of verbal info & phonological processing?

Answer 22

Phonological Loop

Question 23

What are the 2 components of the Phonological Loop in Baddeley’s Working Memory Model?

Answer 23

Phonological Store & Articulatory Loop

Question 24

Which of the 2 components of the Phonological Loop in Baddeley’s Working Memory Model is a passive store component of the Phonological Loop ( inner ear)?

Answer 24

Phonological Store

Question 25

Which of the 2 components of the Phonological Loop in Baddeley’s Working Memory Model involved in the active refreshing of info in the Phonological Loop (outer voice)?

Answer 25

Articulatory Loop

Question 26

Which of the 3 sections in Baddeley’s Working Memory Model is the system specialized for visual & spatial info?

Answer 26

VisuoSpatial Sketch Pad