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Cognitive Psychology > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

____ (1960) conducted the dichotic listening study`

A

Treisman (1960)

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2
Q

____ (1972), conditioned people by shocking them whenever a city was named & then used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) to condition participants.

A

Corteen & Wood (1972)

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3
Q

How does GSR work?

A

Calm= Little Sweat, Aroused= Some Sweat, Frightened= More Sweat

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4
Q

What are the 3 retinal cell layers?

A

Rods/Cones, Bipolar Cells, Ganglion Cells

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5
Q

Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, is primarily responsible for night vision & are more sensitive to light?

A

Rods

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6
Q

Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, is responsible for color vision & less sensitive to light?

A

Cones

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7
Q

Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, transfers info. from rods or cones to ganglion cells, but not both at the same time?

A

Bipolar Cells

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8
Q

Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, receives visual info. from the photoreceptors & sends it to various parts of the brains that are responsible for vision?

A

Ganglion

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9
Q

Since human eyes do not move smoothly, what are the 2 types of movements?

A

Saccades & Fixations

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10
Q

Which of the 2 types of eye movements is a jerking motion where the eye jumps from focal point to focal point

A

Saccades

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11
Q

Which of the 2 types of eye movements is a pause between Saccades, during this period of time is where info. is obtained from our visual field?

A

Fixations

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12
Q

What is the 2nd type of visual tracking we have co-developed & is entirely separated in another area of the brain?

A

Smooth Pursuit

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13
Q

Humans are good at ____, a process judging how far away an object is .

A

Depth Perception

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of clues that help humans gauge distance?

A

The Human Visual System (itself) & Environmental Cues

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15
Q

Which of the 2 types of clues that help humans gauge distance, by relying on 3 sensations to help?

A

Human Visual System

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16
Q

Which of the 2 types of clues that help humans gauge distance, by relying on the environment giving clues about the depth of an object?

A

Environmental

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17
Q

What are the 3 sensations used to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System?

A

Accommodation, Convergence & Stereopsis

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18
Q

Which of the 3 sensations to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System, is the change in the shape of the eye lens?

A

Accommodation

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19
Q

Which of the 3 sensations to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System, is the degree to which your eyes cross?

A

Convergence

20
Q

Which of the 3 sensations to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System, is the degree to which your 2 fields of vision are disparate (different)?

A

Stereopsis

21
Q

What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is interruption of our views of objects (goose)?

A

Interposition

22
Q

What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is objects far away appears smaller (man in chair)?

A

Relative Size

23
Q

What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is greater detail on nearby objects (penguins)?

A

Texture Gradients

24
Q

What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is reflection of light indicates depth (dots)?

A

Light & Shadow

25
Q

In describing the perceptual system ____, is the imprint of the environment on our nervous system: stimulation of sensory receptors (eyes, ears, skin) caused by environment?

A

Sensation

26
Q

In describing the perceptual system ____ is our conscious experience of stimuli; the process of interpreting & understanding sensory info.?

A

Perception

27
Q

What are the 3 things that influence perception?

A

Environment, Knowledge, & Perceptual System

28
Q

In describing how knowledge influences perception ____ is perception that’s influenced by higher level knowledge?

A

Top-Down Processing

29
Q

In describing how knowledge influences perception ____ is the way stimuli are presented the environment can also drastically influence perception?

A

Bottom-Up Processing

30
Q

What theory was developed in the early 1900’s & part of the movement of atomism?

A

Gestalt Theory

31
Q

In Gestalt Theories ____ is the principle to perception: whole objects are greater than the sum of a their parts?

A

Atomism

32
Q

____, our perceptions are greater than the sum of a scene’s parts?

A

Gestalt Theory of Perception

33
Q

In Gestalt Theory of Perception ____ is when humans tend to perceive some stimuli as a scenes background & some stimuli as objects of interest?

A

Figure & Ground

34
Q

In Gestalt Theory of Perception ____ is when our mind AUTOMATICALLY orders info. in a way that’s common, orderly, symmetric & simple?

A

Gestalt Perception

35
Q

What are the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception?

A

Closure, Common Fate, Symmetry, Proximity, Continuity & Similarity

36
Q

Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when elements are perceived as single, recognizable objects ?

A

Closure

37
Q

Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when elements that move in the same direction are related?

A

Common Fate

38
Q

Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when elements that are symmetrical are perceived to belong together & conversely elements that aren’t symmetrical belong apart?

A

Symmety

39
Q

Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when objects that are close are perceived to belong together?

A

Proximity

40
Q

Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when the mind continues visual & other patterns?

A

Continuity

41
Q

Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when the mind groups similar objects together?

A

Similarity

42
Q

What is the problem with Gestalt Theories?

A

Gestalt Theories made excellent observations about peoples perception, but did not specify how the mind perceives

43
Q

____, the theory that humans store a massive number of “templates” representing each object that a person has encountered & used to recognize & identify objects?

A

Template Theory

44
Q

In dealing with Template Theories ____ (1971) reasoned that if people truly stored memories as propositions then they should be able to think about those propositions regardless of how images might be oriented?

A

Shepard & Metzler (1971)

45
Q

____, the theory that patterns are recognized by detecting their components parts?

A

Feature Detection Theory

46
Q

In dealing with the Feature Detection Theory ____ (1959) used a single cell recording technique to identify neurons that responds to particular features of visual stimuli?

A

Hubel & Wiesel (1959)

Cognitive Psychology (11 decks)

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