Perception Flashcards
____ (1960) conducted the dichotic listening study`
Treisman (1960)
____ (1972), conditioned people by shocking them whenever a city was named & then used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) to condition participants.
Corteen & Wood (1972)
How does GSR work?
Calm= Little Sweat, Aroused= Some Sweat, Frightened= More Sweat
What are the 3 retinal cell layers?
Rods/Cones, Bipolar Cells, Ganglion Cells
Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, is primarily responsible for night vision & are more sensitive to light?
Rods
Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, is responsible for color vision & less sensitive to light?
Cones
Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, transfers info. from rods or cones to ganglion cells, but not both at the same time?
Bipolar Cells
Which of the 3 retinal cell layers, receives visual info. from the photoreceptors & sends it to various parts of the brains that are responsible for vision?
Ganglion
Since human eyes do not move smoothly, what are the 2 types of movements?
Saccades & Fixations
Which of the 2 types of eye movements is a jerking motion where the eye jumps from focal point to focal point
Saccades
Which of the 2 types of eye movements is a pause between Saccades, during this period of time is where info. is obtained from our visual field?
Fixations
What is the 2nd type of visual tracking we have co-developed & is entirely separated in another area of the brain?
Smooth Pursuit
Humans are good at ____, a process judging how far away an object is .
Depth Perception
What are the 2 types of clues that help humans gauge distance?
The Human Visual System (itself) & Environmental Cues
Which of the 2 types of clues that help humans gauge distance, by relying on 3 sensations to help?
Human Visual System
Which of the 2 types of clues that help humans gauge distance, by relying on the environment giving clues about the depth of an object?
Environmental
What are the 3 sensations used to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System?
Accommodation, Convergence & Stereopsis
Which of the 3 sensations to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System, is the change in the shape of the eye lens?
Accommodation
Which of the 3 sensations to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System, is the degree to which your eyes cross?
Convergence
Which of the 3 sensations to help gauge distance in the Human Visual System, is the degree to which your 2 fields of vision are disparate (different)?
Stereopsis
What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is interruption of our views of objects (goose)?
Interposition
What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is objects far away appears smaller (man in chair)?
Relative Size
What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is greater detail on nearby objects (penguins)?
Texture Gradients
What are the 4 type of environmental cues that help us gauge the depth of an object, is reflection of light indicates depth (dots)?
Light & Shadow
In describing the perceptual system ____, is the imprint of the environment on our nervous system: stimulation of sensory receptors (eyes, ears, skin) caused by environment?
Sensation
In describing the perceptual system ____ is our conscious experience of stimuli; the process of interpreting & understanding sensory info.?
Perception
What are the 3 things that influence perception?
Environment, Knowledge, & Perceptual System
In describing how knowledge influences perception ____ is perception that’s influenced by higher level knowledge?
Top-Down Processing
In describing how knowledge influences perception ____ is the way stimuli are presented the environment can also drastically influence perception?
Bottom-Up Processing
What theory was developed in the early 1900’s & part of the movement of atomism?
Gestalt Theory
In Gestalt Theories ____ is the principle to perception: whole objects are greater than the sum of a their parts?
Atomism
____, our perceptions are greater than the sum of a scene’s parts?
Gestalt Theory of Perception
In Gestalt Theory of Perception ____ is when humans tend to perceive some stimuli as a scenes background & some stimuli as objects of interest?
Figure & Ground
In Gestalt Theory of Perception ____ is when our mind AUTOMATICALLY orders info. in a way that’s common, orderly, symmetric & simple?
Gestalt Perception
What are the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception?
Closure, Common Fate, Symmetry, Proximity, Continuity & Similarity
Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when elements are perceived as single, recognizable objects ?
Closure
Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when elements that move in the same direction are related?
Common Fate
Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when elements that are symmetrical are perceived to belong together & conversely elements that aren’t symmetrical belong apart?
Symmety
Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when objects that are close are perceived to belong together?
Proximity
Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when the mind continues visual & other patterns?
Continuity
Which of the 6 ways we use Gestalt Perception is when the mind groups similar objects together?
Similarity
What is the problem with Gestalt Theories?
Gestalt Theories made excellent observations about peoples perception, but did not specify how the mind perceives
____, the theory that humans store a massive number of “templates” representing each object that a person has encountered & used to recognize & identify objects?
Template Theory
In dealing with Template Theories ____ (1971) reasoned that if people truly stored memories as propositions then they should be able to think about those propositions regardless of how images might be oriented?
Shepard & Metzler (1971)
____, the theory that patterns are recognized by detecting their components parts?
Feature Detection Theory
In dealing with the Feature Detection Theory ____ (1959) used a single cell recording technique to identify neurons that responds to particular features of visual stimuli?
Hubel & Wiesel (1959)
