SHORT HAZARD & GLOBAL CONNECTIONS (MIGRATION & GOVERNANCE)

Question 1

HOW DOES TECTONIC ACTIVITY AFFECT MIGRATION PATTERNS (unequal flows, complexity, patterns)

Think - Disaster = Trigger
Push & Pull Factors

Barriers
Reference to Lees Model - Barriers between source and destination countries.

Countries affected.
Affects source/destination countries
where are they?

Is Migration inter-regional, international

Dies it effect gender/age

Answer 1

1. DISPLACEMENT DUE TO DISASTER (push)
   Home destruction
   Eg Haiti 2010, Nyiragongo 2010
2. CHANGES IN LAND USE (push)
   Damage to land - lava /tsunamis
   Eg Mount St Helens - Forestry-Tourism
3. IMPACT ON ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (push & pull)
   Destruction of old & creation of new
   Re- Construction sector = jobs
   Eg Tohoku Japan 2011, Mount St Helens
4. CHANGES IN CLIMATE (push)
   Climate change –> arid, floods, submerged landscapes
5. CREATES NATURAL BARRIERS
   Creates mountains - barrier to migration
   eg Indian and Eurarsian plate boundary–> Himalayas –> barrier
6. SCOCIO ECONOMIC EFFECTS (push & pull)
   Search for safer habitats
   Eg Chile 2010 (inter-regional & intra-regional)
   Insurance costs rise –> move
   Eg California
   Young leave eg Tohoku 2011
7. GEOSPATIAL AFFECT
   Migration likely to be from areas near plate boundaries. Unequal patterns of migration. Eg Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia
   Often LIDSc and EDc - resources–> source of income
8. POLICY-DRIVEN MIGRATION
   Land zoning, relocation
   eg China 1976

Question 2

How does exposure to and vulnerability to tectonic hazards linked to the quality of Governance

Refer to PARK model of Disaster -Response

Tectonic hazards –> improvement or deterioration in quality of life _ depends on governance

Answer 2

1. Prparedness
2. education
3. Response capability
4. Economic Rsilience
5. Quality of Infrastructure
6. Compaliance with regulation
7. Corruption
8. Resource Allocation

Question 3

Is it more challenging to mitigate against tectonic hazards (TH) in areas where there is territorial conflict (TC) ?

Answer 3

1. TC= Hinders disaster response & recovery
   Eg Syria
2. TC= Communication Difficult
   Eg HAiti 2010 - conflict
3. TH–> Displacement of people to Hazard areas
   Eg Pakistan after EQ
4. TC- Diverts $$ resources
   Eg Nyiragongo
5. TC - emergencey response co-operation poor
   Eg Tension between India & pakistan
6. Tc - Increased vulnerability & increases inequlaity & community relsileience
   Eg Haiti

Question 3

How Does Tectonic Activity influence Global Governance.

Requires co-operation between organisations from Global–> local

Answer 3

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
   Global organisations eg UN
   Co-ordinating aid eg Haiti
2. PREPAREDNESS
   Global Governemnt co-operation
   eg Post 200 4Indian Ocean Tsunami warning systems
3. RESOURCRE MANAGEMeNT
   Tectonic activity can lead to changes in water & carbon cycles
   Shortages –> conflict
4. INCERASED MIGRATION & DISPLACEMENT
   —> Increase in tension
   Eg Nyiragongo –> refugees to Rwanda
   UNHCR - supports displaced people
5. AFFECTS GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY GOALS
   Eg UN SDG
6. AFFECT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
   Developed countries at advantage - increases gap between AC & EDC
7. AFFECTS Climate Change Mitigation
   UNFCCC