Hazards & Global Migration

Question 1

Examine how risks from tectonic hazards impact global migration.

Answer 1

Tectonic Hazards = Natural diasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis are caused by the movement of. tectonic plates in Earth’s lithospohere.

Global Migration = Movement of people from one country or region to another with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily in a new location.

Push Factors
Pull Factors

1. Population Displacement (push Factor)
   Eg Haiti 2010
   1 million homeless- refuge sought in other countries
   Eg Kashmir –> EQ made large areas inhabitable
   Eg Chile - migrants moved to safer areas within Chile and abroad
2. Changes in Economic Circumstances (pull factor)
   Eg Tohoku Earthquake 2011
   –> shift to construction sector–> migrants
   Reconstrauction in New Zealand

3, Changes in Land Use
Volcanic activity
Economic diversification —> shift from forestry to tourism
–> attracted females to work in service/hospitality sector

4. Changes to Social Systems
   2004 - Indian Earthquake–> familys moved to where they had conections
5. Aid and Support
   post disaster international organisations –> migrants move in to help with rehabilitation

Question 2

Examine how risks of tectonic hazards impacts can alter patterns of migration

Answer 2

Tectonic Hazards = Natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis are caused by the movement of. tectonic plates in Earth’s lithospohere.

Patterns of Migration = Dynamic flow of people from one place to another, often in search of better opportunities. Patterns relate to routes, destinations and reasons for migration.

Reasons (act as push or pull factors)
LEES model of migration has intervening obstacles placed in between origin & destination eg Language barriers, immigration policies

1. Displacement (push)
   Internal local displacement to safer areas
   eg Haiti —> Port au Prince where people went in search of food & water
   Merapi, Indonesia & Tohoku Japan

International Migration
Eg Haiti–> Eg Haiti 2010 –> Brazil
(lees model- Brazil one of few countries to accept people from Haiti)

Inter-regional Migration
Eg 2010 Merapi eruption

Intra-regional
2010 Chile Earthquake
Moved to other cities in SOuth AMerica

2. Policy-Driven Migration (push)
   eg China 1976 Merapi
   Gov’t introduced relocation as part of its disaster management strategy
3. Search for Safer Habitats (pull)
   2010 Chile Earthquake
   2015 Iceland
4. Economic Opportunities (pull)
   Economic activity eg construction sector in reconstruction phase–>
   Eg Japan Tohoku 2011