Short answer topics

Question 1

Why is there Ageism? What is it? How does it affect people and who does it affect? How can we avoid it? Why is ageism bad?

Answer 1

How can we avoid ageism?
- Spread Awareness
- Challenge assumptions
- Acknowledge our own biases
- Engage in conversations across generations
- Have media representation of all ages in diverse roles
- Shift cultural narrative

Who does it effect?
- Can challenge both young and old people.

What is ageism:
- Discrimination against individuals because of their age.

Why is there ageism?
- Human are naturally inclined to categorize others to make sense of the world
- formation of in-groups and out-groups (division between generations because they are different)
- elders might provide less young inexperienced.

Why is ageism an issue?
- Individuals, regardless of their actual abilities, feel undervalued and disengaged from society.
- Young: ageism can lead to barriers to opportunity (lacking experience or labelled as irresponsible)
-Old: it can lead to social isolation, reduced self-esteem, and even health problems, as they may internalize negative stereotypes about aging

Question 2

What is the Verbrugge & Jette model of disability.

Talk about the model

Answer 2

• More comprehensive model, include risk factors and intervention strategies
  Extraindividual: outside the individual (environmental)
  Interaindividual:Inside the individual (behaviour/ personality)

The model:
- Pathology: diagnoses of condition
Risk factors: demographic lifestyle social emotional…

• Impairment: undergo dysfunctions or structural impairment
  Creates Restrictions: to a person’s cognitive or physical abilities
  Extraindividual factors to help: medical or rehabilitation: or activity accommodations, physical or emotional therapy medical care, medications external support (assistance), structural modifications (public transport building access

Interaindividual factors: lifestyle or behavioural changes, psychological or coping activities, personality

Question 3

What is chronic illness? Give 3 examples explain what they are, their risks, effects on physical and psychological health. What do chronic illnesses impact?

Answer 3

What are chronic illness:
- Longer time (at least 3 months)
- Residual functional impairment
- May require longer-term care
- Often no cure, focus is on management

Impact on:
1. Physical:
- changes in body due to aging (arthritis (normative))
- Genetic or biological differences
2. Psychological
- coping
- personality
3. Sociocultural
- social life
- Societal views of you
- ability to contribute
4. Life-cycle
- When does this happen to people?
- Some conditions pop up later in life
- our reaction will vary at different points in our lives (expectations)

Examples of chronic illnesses:
Diabetes:
- Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin.
- type 1 =childhood
- type 2 = adult (obesity stigma)
- risk: genetic lack access to quality food and healthcare
- Effects nerve damage eye issues kidney issues strokes cognitive issues skin problems poor circulation

cancer:
- very common (1 in 4)
- risk: genetic, environmental
-Prevention: surgery, checks, avoid risks

Incontinence:
*Stress incontinence: inability to resits urinary flow
*Urge incontinence: has the urge to use the bathroom cant get there fast enough
*Overflow incontinence: contraction of kidney leads to swelling of the bladder
*Functional incontinence: unaware o need to urinate

Question 4

What are the psychological effects of changing in appearance? How does it change people’s perceptions of you?

Answer 4

• Self esteem might go down
• Stereotypically regarded as inferior because they do not conform to “beauty” standards
• Limiting oneself
• You can have internalized ageism and stereotypes
• People might treat you differently.
• Look more mature
• change of concept of self

Other’s perception:
Loved ones also experience psychological effects (they have to change their image of their loved one)
Feeling of helplessness and guilt
ageism

Question 5

What are some strategies to help monitor medication use?

What are some age related changes in how meds work?

What are the challenges associated with
high medication use?

Answer 5

1. Timing, lower dose, make sure non are interacting, apps to track, try other methods to get better.
2. Absorption: takes longer for medications to absorb into blood stream

Distribution: less medication binds to plasma proteins (makes medication infective) higher rate of toxicity

Metabolism: less effective at getting ride of medication (stays longer)

Excretion kidneys become less effective at excreting toxins

3. *Bad interactions
   *Needing to treat side effects
   *More complex schedule= more room for error
   Help to take meds: apps limit # of medications being taken