shock & bleeding

Question 1

shock

Answer 1

inadequate supply of deoxygenated blood

Question 2

Causes of shock

Answer 2

• failure of the heart, blood clots, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade.
• abnormal dilation of blood vessels
• blood volume loss
• blood vessels dilate

Question 3

Compensated Shock

Answer 3

• pale skin
• slightly rapid HR
• BP normal
• restlessness / anxiety
• delayed capillary refill in infant

Question 4

Decompensated shock

Answer 4

• extreme thirst
• rapid HR
• low BP ( late sign )
• cool , moist skin, pale, grey, bluish , mottled
• major changes in LOC

Question 5

Avulsions

Answer 5

a flap of skin or soft tisse that has been torn loose, or pulled off completely

Question 6

lacerations

Answer 6

a break of varying depth in the skin
smooth cut, w severe bleeding

Question 7

Abrasions

Answer 7

caused by scraping, rubbing, shearing away of the skin
capillary bleeding

Question 8

Clamping injury

Answer 8

limb stuck in an area smaller than itself

Question 9

blunt injury

Answer 9

a sudden blow or force that has a crushing impact
can cause internal injury

Question 10

Contusions

Answer 10

swelling & pain at site
- if small vessels have been broken the pt will have Ecchymosis ( discoloration)
- if large vessels have been torn a hematoma happens

Question 11

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 11

allergic reaction to something

Question 12

arterial bleeding

Answer 12

• bright red blood spurting
• indicates a severed / damaged artery
• rich in oxygen
• high in pressure

Question 13

venous bleeding

Answer 13

• dark red blood that flows steadily
• little to no oxygen
• under less pressure

Question 14

capillary bleeding

Answer 14

• dark red blood that oozes slowly
• this bleeding clots spontaneously

Question 15

what are the 2 pressure points to stop bleeding

Answer 15

1. For Arms use the brachial pulse point
2. for legs use the femoral pulse point
   ease up after 10 min

Question 16

internal bleeding
sign and symptoms

Answer 16

• discolored/ tender/ swollen/ hard tissue
• increased BP / HR
• pale / cool / clammy skin
• Nausea / vomiting blood/ coffee grounds
• thirst
• tender / rigid abdomen
• weakness / fainting’s / dizziness

Question 17

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 17

shock caused by insufficient volume
(blood or fluid) within the vascular
system.

Question 18

Distributive shock (relative hypovolemia)

Answer 18

a. Neurogenic shock
b. Medical causes (e.g., anaphylaxis, sepsis, overdose)

Question 19

Obstructive shock

Answer 19

a. Cardiac tamponade
b. Tension pneumothorax
c. Massive pulmonary embolism

Question 20

Cardiogenic shock (pump failure)

Answer 20

a. Cardiac contusion