Shock Flashcards
What is shock? What is the cause?
- Shock: widespread inadequate tissue perfusion
- Caused: by state of collapse and failure **of the cardiovascular system.
What mechanisms does the body undergo to compensate during shock?
- Tachycardia
- Vasoconstriction
- Increased respiratory rate and depth
- Decreased urine production
What are the four major categories of shock?
- Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Obstructive
-
Distributive
5.
What is hypovolemic shock? What can cause hypovolemic shock?
- Inadequate blood or fluid volume
- a. trauma
b. hemorrhage
c. burns
d. dehydration
What is cardiogenic shock? What may onset it? What is another cause?
- Cardiogenic shock: **heart lacks power to force through circulatory system. **
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) is out of control
- inadequat function of the heart or pump failure
- leads to pulmonary edema - Onset: may be immediate or not apparent hours after Acute myiocardial infarction (AMI)
- Dysrhythmias: can also cause cardiogenic shock
What is an obstructive shock? What are some causes?
- Physical obstruction of blood
flow - a. tension pneumothorax
b. cardia tamponade
c. pulmonary embolus
d. dissecting aortic aneurysm
What is distributive shock? What are some causes?
- Widespread reduction of blood vessel tone (vasodilation)
- a. neurogenic (spinal chord trauma)
b. sepsis (dehydration)
c. anaphylaxis
d. drugs/overdose
e. psychogenic
What are the early signs of shock?
*At this point the body begins to compensate*
- Pale, cool, moist skin
- Tachycardia
- Delayed capillary refill
- Tachypnea
- Agitaation/anxiety/restlessness
- Altered level of consciousness (ALOC)
- Nausea/vomiting
- Marked thirst
What are the late signs of shock?
*Decompensation has occured*
- Includes early signs
- Hypotension
- Labored irregular breathing
- Ashen, mottled, cyanotic skin
- Thready or absent peripheral pulses
- Dilated pupils
- Poor urinary output
When would you expect shock?
- Multiple severe fractures
- Abdominal or chest injuries
- Spinal injuries
- Severe infection
- Major heart attack
- Anaphylaxis
What is the treatment for shock?
Treatment does not vary with types of shock
What are the actual_ _treatments for shock?
- Maintaining airway
- Control external bleeding
- Shock position
- High flow oxygen
- Rapid transport
-
Keep warm
_*Do not give the patient anything by mouth*_
What are the ALS considerations?
- IV fluid“challenges” (hypovolemic)
- Medications (cardiogenic/distributive)
- MAST or medical anti shock trousers
What may indicate dehydration?
History of:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Exertion
- Diarrhea
What are some signs of Dehydration?
- Dry mucus membranes
- Sunken eyes
- Decreased urination
- Poor skin turgor
- The degree of elasticity of skin
- look at fontenelles for pediatrics