Shock

Question 1

Definition of shock

Answer 1

Acute circulatory failure with inadequate or inappropriately distributed tissue perfusion resulting in generalised cellular hypoxia

Question 2

Types of shock

Answer 2

• Hypovolaemic
• Distributive
  > Neurogenic
  > Septic
  > Anaphylactic
• Cardiogenic
• Obstructive

Question 3

Stages of shock

Answer 3

• Compensatory (compensation to maintain CO)
• Progressive (failure of compensatory mechanism - swap from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism causing lactate accumulation and hypoperfusion)
• Refractory (critical tissue hypoperfusion)

Question 4

Treatment of shock

Answer 4

• Depends on cause but always involves:
  > O2 therapy with/without ventilatory support
  > rapid assessment and treatment of likely causes

Question 5

Nursing considerations for shock

Answer 5

• Ensure MAP > 65 to maintain organ perfusion

- Ventilatory support