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Farm Animal (Poppy) > Sheep Iceberg Diseases > Flashcards

Sheep Iceberg Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Lentivirus that causes wasting, respiratory and neurological signs

A

Maedi visna

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2
Q

Is the maedi visna incubation period long or short?

A

Long (months to years)

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3
Q

Transmission of maedi visna

A

Oronasal
(Colostrum/milk, fomites)

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4
Q

Treatment for maedi visna

A

None

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5
Q

Diagnosis of maedi visna

A

Serological (antibodies produced within weeks/months but wax and wane)

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6
Q

Control of maedi visna

A

Purchase from accredited flocks or isolate and test
Cull positives
Reduce stocking density
Prevent contact with neighbouring flocks

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7
Q

Handling a maedi visna infection if culling is not practical

A

Keep flock young
Split into old and young sheep (clean/dirty)
Cull thin/suspect cases
Run less intensive system to reduce spread

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8
Q

Retrovirus causing weight loss, respiratory signs and sudden death

A

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA)/jaagsiekte

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9
Q

Transmission of OPA

A

Aerosol
(Milk/colostrum)

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10
Q

How long is the incubation period of OPA?

A

6 months to several years

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11
Q

Definitive diagnosis of OPA

A

Post mortem (well demarcated consolidation in lung)

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12
Q

Treatment of OPA

A

None

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13
Q

Control of OPA

A

Identify and cull infected sheep/offspring
Manage in single age groups
Reduce close contact (housing, troughs, hygiene, stocking density)
Snatch lambing (impractical)

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14
Q

Lymph node abscesses and weight loss caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)

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15
Q

Where are caseous lymphadenitis lesions found?

A

Around head/neck
(Inguinal/scrotal region in tups)

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16
Q

Colour of pus in caseous lymphadenitis

A

Green

17
Q

Diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis

A

Bacteriology (drain abscess)
Serology (antibodies wax and wane, antibody does not always mean disease, repeat testing)

18
Q

Control of CLA

A

Buying from trusted sources
Boundary biosecurity
Separate infected animals
Vaccine under special license

19
Q

Which iceberg disease is zoonotic?

A

CLA

20
Q

Are antibiotics effective against CLA?

A

No

21
Q

Reduced fertility and weight loss caused by Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis

A

Ovine Johne’s disease (OJD)

22
Q

What is the effect of ovine Johne’s disease on the gut?

A

Inflammation reduces metabolic efficiency

23
Q

Does ovine Johne’s disease cause scour?

A

No

24
Q

Are sheep susceptible to the cattle strain of Johne’s?

A

Yes

25
Q

Are cattle susceptible to sheep strain of Johne’s?

A

No

26
Q

Transmission of ovine Johne’s disease

A

Faeco-oral
(Milk/colostrum)

27
Q

When are lambs infected with Johnes disease and when do they show clinical signs?

A

Infected early in life (3-4m)
Clinical signs in animals over 2-3 years

28
Q

Diagnosis of OJD

A

Post mortem most effective
Serology (antibodies low until there is clinical disease)
Faecal PCR (bacteria doesn’t always cause disease)

29
Q

Challenges with control of OJD

A

Low sensitivity of diagnostic tests
Inability to detect sub-clinical animals
Practicalities of testing entire flock
‘Snatch lambing’ not practical
Contact between sheep and cattle (co-grazing/slurry)

30
Q

Control methods for ovine johne’s disease

A

Lamb high risk (old/thin) ewes away from the rest of the flock
Select replacements from younger ewes
Cull low BCS ewes
Maintain good hygiene and clean bedding

31
Q

Pestivirus causing poor ewe fertility, ‘hairy shaker’/weak lambs and abortions

A

Borders disease

32
Q

Pestivirus in cattle that is similar to borders disease

A

BVD

33
Q

Transmission of borders disease

A

Respiratory secretions
Transplacental (dam to offspring or via semen of PI rams)

34
Q

What happens if a sheep is infected with borders disease at <60 days of gestation?

A

Abortion or survival (Ag + and AB -)

35
Q

What happens if a sheep is infected with borders disease at 60-85 days of gestation

A

Lamb can be antigen or antibody positive

36
Q

What happens if a sheep is infected with borders disease at >85 days of gestation?

A

Lamb born normal (Ag - and AB +)

37
Q

Diagnosis of Borders disease

A

Detection of antibody or antigen (PIs)

38
Q

Is there a vaccine for borders disease?

A

No

Farm Animal (Poppy) (13 decks)

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